-
1 οὗτος
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, gen. τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual fem. never in [dialect] Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron.,A this, common from Hom. downwds.A ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of - υ- (= Skt. Particle u), e.g. ταῦτα fr. τα-υ-τα: [dialect] Dor. gen. sg. fem.τούτας Philol.11
; nom. pl.τοῦτοι, ταῦται A.D.Synt.111.23
: the former occurs Sophr.24, GDI 3045 B 6 ([place name] Selinus), SIG339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in Sophr.97, certain in SIG 241 B117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in [dialect] Boeot. all forms begin with οὑτ-, as gen. sg. neut.οὕτω Supp.Epigr.3.359.11
(iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem.οὕταν Corinn. Supp.2.80
; acc. pl. neut. (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. [dialect] Att. τούτων, Cret.ταυτᾶν Leg.Gort.5.19
; neut. (Elis, iv B. C.).—In [dialect] Ion. sts. written ταότην, ταο̄τα, SIG283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In [dialect] Att. οὗτος was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, gen. τουτουί, dat. τουτῳί, acc. τουτονί; pl. nom. οὑτοιί, neut. ταυτί, etc., this man here: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, Ar.Ach. 784; τουτογί for τουτί γε, Id.V. 781, Av. 894, al.; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, Id.Eq. 492, Pax 1057, al.; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, Id.Pl. 227; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, Id.Ra. 965.—In codd. the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sts. added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be [dialect] Att. by A.D.Pron.59.24, 82.11. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη?οὗτοςXί, τουτω?οὗτοςXί, οὑτοῐί, Ar.Nu. 201, Pl.44, Ach.40, etc.]B USAGE in regard to CONCORD. οὗτος is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen.,κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος Hdt. 1.84
;εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν D.4.37
;εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας Id.36.48
;ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων Pl.Euthd. 278b
: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Art. is absent,1 always in [dialect] Ep. Poets (exc. Od.18.114),οὗτος ἀνήρ Il.14.471
, Od.1.406, etc.: sts. also in Trag., A.Pers. 122 (lyr.), 495, S.Ph. 406, OC 471, 1177: once in an Inscr., τοπεῖα:τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων IG22.1622.135
(iv B. C.).2 sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed,ἐς γῆν ταύτην.., ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται Hdt.4.8
; , cf. Pl.R. 449d, etc.;πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί S.El. 530
.4 when the Noun with which οὗτος agrees stands as its Predicate,αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις S.Ph. 1034
; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Pl.Ap. 18a: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο these were the grievances which already existed, Th.1.66; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν this was the report which.., Pl.Phlb. 16c: freq. with a [comp] Sup., κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ.. ἐγένετο this was notably the greatest movement which.., Th.1.1, cf. 3.113: withπρῶτος Id.1.55
,98, 6.31, Ev.Luc. 2.2.5 when [ per.] 3rd pers. is used for [ per.] 2nd to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Pl.Grg. 467b, 489b, etc.II though οὗτος usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut.,μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί E.Ba. 305
;τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι.. εὔθυναι D.19.82
, etc.: and in pl.,οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή Aeschin. 3.13
;ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης Id.2.166
: so with an explanatory clause added,τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν D.57.34
.2 so also with a Noun in apposition,τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή Od.1.159
;τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως Pl.Ap. 36e
, cf. E.Fr.323.3, etc.3 the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Hdt.4.23, cf. X.An.1.5.10, etc.4 the neut. is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: , cf. Pl.Lg. 711a; or of an abstract fact,οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν Ar.Ra.73
.III with Prons.,1 personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, v. infr. c.1.5.2 interrog., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; what is this that.. ? S.Ph. 1173 (lyr.), cf. Ant.7; ποίοισι τούτοις; for ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα]; Id.OC 388, cf.Ant. 1049; Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει whom he brings here, Il.11.612.4 possess., πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος this father of thine, S.El. 530, cf. X.An.7.3.30.5 demonstr., οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις, where ἐκεῖνος is the Predicate, Hdt.1.32;τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο E. Hel. 622
, cf. Or. 804; αὐτὸ τοῦτο, v. αὐτός 1.7; τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα this same man, S.Ph. 128.b exceptionally,Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος IG12(5).300
([place name] Paros).6 ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man here, Od.20.380.IV with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη these three years, Lys.7.10codd.; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for these eleven months, D.8.2, cf. 3.4;τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν Men.Epit.27
;ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς D.27.23
, cf. Pl.Grg. 463b, etc.C SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS:I this, to designate the nearer, opp. ἐκεῖνος, that, the more remote, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, things round and about us, earthly things, Pl.Phd. 75e (v. l.); cf. ὅδε init.: but οὗτος sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ.. τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. D.8.72, cf. 51.3 and 18.2 when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε prop. refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes,οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι S.OC 787
, cf. ὅδε III. 2: freq., however, where there are not two things, οὗτος refers to what follows, Il. 13.377, Od.2.306, etc.; οὔκουν.. τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι .. ; A.Pr. 379, etc.3 οὗτος is used emphat., generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος denotes praise, ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, S.El. 301;τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας Pl.Cri. 45a
; so D.de Coron. uses οὗτος of Aeschines, ἐκεῖνος of Philip; but οὗτος is used of Philip, D.2.15, 4.3.b of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, X.An.1.5.8;οἱ τὰς τελετὰς.. οὗτοι καταστήσαντες Pl.Phd. 69c
, cf. Men. 80a; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the familiar bag-like thing, Thphr.HP3.7.3, cf. 3.18.11, 4.7.1;οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν D.Chr.31.153
.4 in [dialect] Att. law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff (as in Aeschin. 2.130 ) or defendant (as in Id.1.1); so, in the political speeches of D., οὗτοι are the opposite party, 4.1, 8.7, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι freq. means the judges, the court, 21.134, 36.47.5 much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. ὅδε init.), τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας.. ἔρχεαι; who art thou here that comest.. ? Il.10.82; freq. in [dialect] Att., τίς οὑτοσί; who's this here? Ar.Ach. 1048; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep here, X.An.3.5.9 (as v.l.): with Pron. of 2 pers., οὗτος σύ ho you! you there! S.OT 532, 1121, E.Hec. 1280, etc.: and then οὗτος alone like a voc., οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; A.Supp. 911,cf.S.Aj.71, E.Alc. 773, Ar.Eq. 240, Nu. 220, al.: with a pr. n.,ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας S.Aj.89
;ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627
, cf. Ar.V. 1364: with voc.,βέντισθ' οὗτος Theoc.5.76
:—the fem. is rarer, ; .—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn.II simply as antec. to ὅς, Od.2.40, S.OT 1180, etc.: freq. following relat. clause,ἅ γ' ἔλαβες,.. μεθεῖναι ταῦτα Id.Ph. 1247
, cf. 1319,Ant. 183, 203, Pl.Grg. 469c.III = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι Pi.O. 4.26;σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης D.18.282
, cf. 173.IV after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated byοὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης.., οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω.. ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι Hdt.4.16
, cf.81 (s. v. l.), 1.146, Pl.Phd. 107d, etc.V καὶ οὗτος is added to heighten the force of a previous word,ξυνεστῶτες.. ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Th.4.55
, cf. Hdt.1.147, 6.11, etc.; soοὐδὲ τούτου Aeschin.2.100
; v. infr. VIII.2.VI repeated, where for the second we should merely say he or it,τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν.. κελαδοῦντες Ar.Ra. 1526
, cf. Pl.La. 200d.1 ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα yes Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), Ar.V. 142, Pax 275, cf. Eq.III; so ; ; so also ἦν ταῦτα even so, true, E.Ph. 417.2 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, Pl.Phd. 78a.3 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for that, freq. in [dialect] Att., as Pl.Smp. 220c.4 ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς ( = -εὶς) ἀθάνατος:ταῦτα IG14.420
; Προκόπι ταῦτα ib.1824; χαίρεται ( = -τε) ταῦτα ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter,ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα POxy.119.15
(ii/iii A. D.).VIII Adverbial usages:1 ταῦταabs., therefore, that is why.., Il.11.694;ταῦτ' ἄρα Ar.Ach.90
,Nu. 319, 335, 394, al., X.Smp.4.55; , Pl.Smp. 174a; , Ar.V. 1358, etc.; αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα .. Pl.Prt. 310e: τοῦτο is rare in this sense,τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως.. εὖ πράξαιμί τι S. OT 1005
; αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο just because of this, Pl.Smp. 204a.b πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, prop. used in indignant defiance, A.Pr. 992, 1043, S.Aj. 971, 1115, 1313, OT 426, OC 455, etc.2 καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that,ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός A.Eu. 627
: but mostly with a part.,ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ.., καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον S.OT37
, cf. Ar.Ra. 704, Pl.Phdr. 241e, etc.; or with a part. omitted, ἥτις.. τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (sc. οὖσα) S.El. 614; soκαὶ ταῦτα μέντοι Pl.Erx. 400b
.b καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens (or happened), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good anyhow, i.e. try as you might, Id.R. 341c, cf. Diod.Com.3.5.3 τοῦτο μέν.., τοῦτο δέ .. on the one hand.., on the other.., partly.., partly.., very freq. in Hdt., as 1.161, al.; τοῦτο μέν is sts. answered by δέ only, 4.76, S.Aj. 670, OC 440; by δὲ αὖ, Hdt.7.176; by ἔπειτα δέ, S.Ant.61; by ἀλλά, D.22.13; by εἶτα, S.Ph. 1345; by τοῦτ' αὖθις, Id.Ant. 165.4 dat. fem. ταύτῃ,a on this spot, here, ταύτῃ μὲν.., τῇδε δ' αὖ .. Id.Ph. 1331;ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται Ar.Eq. 271
, cf. Th. 1221.c in this way, thus, A.Pr. 191, S.OC 1300, etc.;οὐ.. ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ Ar.Eq. 843
;ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα E. Med. 365
, cf. A.Pr. 511: antec. to ὥσπερ, Pl.R. 330c; to ὅπῃ, X.Cyr. 8.3.2;οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg. 681d
; καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι ib. 714d; ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.Pl.Smp. 215b.6 ἐν τούτῳ in that case, Pl.R. 440c.7 πρὸς τούτοις ([etym.] - οισι) besides, Hdt.2.51, Pl.Prt. 326a, X.Mem.2.4.4, Ar.Pl. 540. -
2 κατά
κατά [(A)][ κᾰτᾰ], poet. καταί acc. to A.D.Synt.309.28, found in Compds., as καταιβάτης: Prep. with gen. or acc.:—A downwards.A WITH GEN.,I denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od.14.399;κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il.6.128
; καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib. 232;δάκρυα.. κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438
;ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar.V. 355
;ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X.An.4.2.17
;κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl.Phdr. 229c
;κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id.Lg. 944a
:— for κατ' ἄκρης v. ἄκρα:Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ Theoc.7.82
(but perh. in sense 11.1).1 down upon or over,κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.3.217
; of the dying, κατὰ.. ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321;τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν.. νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580
; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over.., Od.8.85; [ κόπρος]κ. σπείους κέχυτο.. πολλή 9.330
; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, v. Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl.R. 398a;νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar.V. 713
;κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id.Nu. 177
; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [ πληγάς] D.19.197;ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας Plb.1.17.10
;οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες Id.3.19.7
;ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc.25.256
; κ. κόρρης παίειν, = ἐπὶ κόρρης, Luc.Cat.12, al.b Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατ' [ εὐθείας] Archim.Sph.Cyl.1 Def.2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on.., ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam.1.2 down into,νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il.19.39
; of a dart,κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504
, etc.; ;ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100
; κ. γᾶς underground, Pi.O.2.59; κατ' ὕδατος under water, Hdt.2.149; [ ποταμὸς]δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd.
113c, cf. Ti. 25d;κ. γῆς σύμεναι A.Eu. 1007
(anap.); κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S.Ant.24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X.Cyr.4.6.5;οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί A.Pers. 689
, etc.;θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς Id.Ch. 475
(lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, Hdt.7.6, 235; also βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων go down by or through.., S.El. 1433.3 later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn.6.7.8;κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc.Rh.Pr.9
.4 of vows or oaths, by,καθ' ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D.29.26
, cf. 54.38;ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys.32.13
; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th.5.47, cf. Arist.Ath.29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell.1A9, etc.;κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D.Ep.1.16
; also κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id.21.119;κατ' ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id.57.22
.b to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering..,κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων Ar. Eq. 660
.5 in hostile sense, against, A.Ch. 221, S.Aj. 304, etc.;κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D.18.19
; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A.Th. 198, S.Aj. 449, etc.;ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys.22.7
;λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S.Ph.65
, cf. X.HG1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [ λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.);δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din.3.6
, cf. 18.6 of Time, for,μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG12.94.37
; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl.1.50;κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι IG9(2).517.20
([place name] Larissa ) (butκ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72
falls under 7);κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg.7
.7 in respect of, concerning,μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd. 70d
;κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id.Sph. 253b
; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin.3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl.Ap. 37b, Prt. 323b, etc.;εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D.Synt.198.10
;εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl.Men. 73d
, cf. 74b;ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist.Pol. 1307b2
; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be predicated of.., Int.16b10, Cat. 1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of.., Metaph. 1007b21; soκ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν Int. 16b13
: and in Adv. καθόλου (q.v.).B WITH Acc.,I of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od.14.254, Il.12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt.2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id.1.194, Pl.Phdr. 229a; κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A.Th. 690, S.Tr. 468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ' ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist.HA 535a19, 560b13, Dsc.4.153.2 with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom.,καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od.1.344
; κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il.11.770, 9.329;κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od.20.64
; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il.4.276, 6.136, 3.151;κ. πτόλιν Od.2.383
; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il.18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib. 487;πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512
; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331;τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X.Cyr.7.5.16
, etc. (in later Gr.of motion to a place,κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos.3.1
);καθ' Ἑλλάδα A.Ag. 578
;κ. πτόλιν Id.Th.6
;αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν D.18.169
;τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin.1.157
, etc.;κ. τὸ προάστιον Hdt.3.54
;τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν A. Th. 528
, cf. Supp. 869 (lyr.): Geom., at a point, Euc.1.1,al.; τέμνειν [ σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον in a circle, Archim.Aren.1.17; also, in the region of,οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem.12.7
: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα, etc., Il.11.108, 16.465, al.;νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46
;οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον 11.339
; so βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα, 5.537, 615; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, v.l. in 11.439: metaph.,ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε 19.125
: generally, κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν in heart and soul, 4.163, al.3 opposite, over against,κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt.1.76
, cf. 2.148, Th.2.30, etc.;ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα A.Th. 505
;μολὼν.. μοι κ. στόμα Id.Ch. 573
;κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX 2 Ki.12.11
;οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X.HG4.2.18
; κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.;ἐν συμποσίῳ.., περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict.Ench. 15
, cf. D.L.7.108.II distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν' ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il.2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib. 366, cf. Th.4.64;ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X.Cyr.2.1.25
;αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν A.Pr. 1013
; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt.1.96; κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id.5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th.1.89, 3.1:στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl.Phdr. 247a
; laterοἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond.2.259.72
(i A. D.), cf. D.Chr.32.6, etc.;ἡ κατ' οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή PLond.3.904.20
(ii A.D.), etc.; κατ' ἔπος word by word, Ar.Ra. 802; κατ' ὄνομα individually, 3 Ep.Jo.15, etc.; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, Lyr.Alex.Adesp.37.13, cf. POxy 2108.9 (iii A.D.).2 of Time, καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα 111; καθ' ἑνιαυτόν, κατ' ἔτος, Test.Epict.6.24, Ev.Luc.2.41, etc.;κ. μῆνα POxy.275.18
(i A.D.).3 of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθ' ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt.7.104 (later detailed list,PTeb.
47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt.4.113; ; ; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D.27.7;κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον
in separate sums of and 300 drachmae, Id.27.11; of ships, κ. μίαν (sc. ναῦν) in column, Th.2.90;κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb.1.26.12
, cf. Th.2.84: Geom., μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά.. , measure, be measured a certain number of times, Euc.7 Def.8,9,al.; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, Id.7.16.III of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ.ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt.2.152
;ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il.1.424
;ἐπιδημεῖν κατ' ἐμπορίαν IG22.141.32
, cf. Arist.Ath.11.1; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od.11.479, etc.;ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt.2.70
; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th.6.31;κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id.7.31
;καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X.An.3.5.2
; κ. τί; for what purpose? why? Ar.Nu. 239.2 of pursuit,κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt.9.89
; simply κ. τινά after him, Id.1.84;ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id.9.53
; κατ' ἴχνος on the track, S.Aj.32, A.Ag. 695 (lyr.);ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl.Phd. 115b
.3 Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr.6; κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with.., Papp. 58.7.IV of fitness or conformity, in accordance with,κ. θυμόν Il.1.136
; καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108;κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt.4.97
; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il.1.286; κατ' αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445, 472;κ. νόμον Hes.Th. 417
;κὰν νόμον Pi.O.8.78
;κ. τοὺς νόμους IG22.1227.15
; αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα for what cause, A.Pr. 228; κατ' ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id.Supp. 336, Eu. 686; καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37,53;κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt.8.30
, cf. 9.38; κ. φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος, Th.1.60, 103, etc.; κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ.. for no other reason but that.., Pl.Phdr. 229d; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one's power, Hdt.3.142, etc. ( κὰδ δ. Hes.Op. 336); κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, Isoc.2.6,al.; κατ' εὐνοίην with goodwill, Hdt.6.108;κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα X.An.2.2.8
, etc.; in quotations, according to,κατ' Αἰσχύλον Ar.Th. 134
;κ. Πίνδαρον Pl.Phdr. 227b
, etc.2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A.Eu. 930, 310;τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt.1.31
; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib. 214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin.1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις ) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97;τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG506.7
(Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατ' ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt.7.158; τὸ κατ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D.18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt.5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, Id.2.20; καθ' ὅτι so far as, Th.1.82, etc.3 in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od.19.233;μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi.P.2.67
; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt.1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar.Av. 1001; κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν to marry in one's own rank of life, A.Pr. 890;οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id.Th. 425
;λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id.Ag. 925
; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid.1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ to address you in your own style, Pl.Grg. 467c);τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ Arr.Epict.1.28.5
;οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D.21.169
;ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί Arist.Pol. 1310b3
: freq. after a [comp] Comp.,μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38
, cf. Pl.Ap. 20e, etc.; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, Th.7.75; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, Hdt.4.95.V by the favour of a god, etc.,κ. δαίμονα Pi.O.9.28
, cf. P.8.68;κ. θεῖον Ar.Eq. 147
codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet);κ. τύχην τινά D.48.24
.VI of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), nearly, about,κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600
years more or less, Hdt.2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατ' οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl.Plt. 302b.VII of Time, during or in the course of a period,κ. τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.7.137
; καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, by day, A. Ch. 818, Ag. 668;κατ' εὐφρόνην Id.Pers. 221
; κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, PLille 1r14 (iii B.C.), PTeb.27.60 (ii B.C.).2 about,κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον Hdt.3.131
, etc.;κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id.6.58
; esp. with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, Id.2.134;κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον Χρόνον Id.1.67
; οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον (sc. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην)ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D.21.146
(v.l. κατ' ἐκ. τὸν Χρόνον); κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X.Lac.10.8
; οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, Id.Mem.3.5.10.3 καθ' ἕτος this year, SIG 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), OGI458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), CIG3641b5,38 ([place name] Lampsacus).VIII periphrastically with abstract Subst., κατ' ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, = ἡσύχως, ταχέως, Hdt.1.9,7.178; κ. κράτος by force, X.HG2.1.19, etc.; κ. μέρος partially, Arist.Po. 1456a16; individually, severally, Pl.Tht. 157b, Lg. 835a; κ. φύσιν naturally, Hdt. 2.38, Pl.R. 428e; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, Luc.DDeor.20.7; οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν [ ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, A.Pr. 263.C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. κάτα, as Il.20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91.D abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like κάτω, downwards, from above, down, freq. in Hom.I downwards, down, as inκαταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1
.III against, in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a Subst., as καταδίκη.IV back, back again, as inκάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11
.V freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.VI sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail.VII implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in .F κατά as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in [dialect] Ep., into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ) , ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, κατά sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε; and before στ, σχ, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the [dialect] Dor. forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.------------------------------------κατά [(B)], -
3 οἶδα
οἶδα (Hom.+) really the perf. of the stem εἰδ-(Lat. video), but used as a pres.; 2 sing. οἶδας (1 Cor 7:16; J 21:15f), οἶσθα (Dt 9:2 4 Macc 6:27), 1 pl. οἴδαμεν LXX, 2 pl. οἴδατε, 3 pl. οἴδασιν (ἴσασιν only Ac 26:4. The form οἴδασιν is found as early as Hdt. 2, 43, 1; X., Oec. 20, 14; SIG 182, 8 [362/361 B.C.]; PCairGoodsp 3, 7 [III B.C.]; οἶδαν GJs 17:1). ἴστε Eph 5:5; Hb 12:17; Js 1:19 can be indic. (so 3 Macc 3:14) or impv.; subj. εἰδῶ; inf. εἰδέναι; εἰδῆσαι Dt 4:35; Jdth 9:14; ptc. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα Mk 5:33; Ac 5:7. Plpf. ᾔδειν, 2 sg. ᾔδεις Mt 25:26; Lk 19:22, 3 pl. ᾔδεισαν (W-S. §13, 20). Fut. εἰδήσω Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34) and εἴσομαι (Dg 12:1). B-D-F §99, 2; 101 p. 45 (εἰδέναι); W-S. §14, 7; Mlt-H. 220–22; Helbing p. 108; Mayser 321, 2; 327, 17; 372f; on relation to γινώσκω s. SPorter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the NT ’89, 282–87.① to have information about, knowⓐ w. acc. of pers. know someone, know about someone Mk 1:34; J 1:26, 31, 33; 6:42; 7:28a; Ac 3:16; 7:18 (Ex 1:8); Hb 10:30; 10:11. (τὸν) θεόν (Herm. Wr. 14, 8; Ar. 3, 2; Just., D. 10, 4; Tat. 19, 2) of polytheists, who know nothing about God (the one God described in vss. 6–7, and in contrast to the plurality of gods that have previously enslaved the Galatians vs. 8) Gal 4:8; 1 Th 4:5 (cp. Jer 10:25).ⓑ w. acc. of thing: οὐ τὴν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν Mt 25:13; cp. 2 Cl 12:1. τὰς ἐντολάς Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20. βρῶσιν J 4:32. τ. ἐνθυμήσεις Mt 9:4 v.l. (cp. Jos., Vi. 283). τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν Ro 7:7. τὰ μυστήρια πάντα 1 Cor 13:2. τὰ ἐγκάρδια 2 Cl 9:9. τὰ κρύφια IMg 3:2. τὴν πόλιν Hs 1:1.ⓒ w. acc. of pers. and ptc. in place of the predicate (X., An. 1, 10, 16; TestJob 28:5; Just., A I, 12, 7.—B-D-F §416, 2; s. Rob. 1103) οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐν Χριστῷ … ἁρπαγέντα τὸν τοιοῦτον ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ I know of a person in Christ … that he was transported into the third heaven 2 Cor 12:2. Also without the ptc. εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον (sc. ὄντα) because he knew that he was a just man Mk 6:20 (Chion, Ep. 3, 5 ἴσθι με προθυμότερον [ὄντα]). The obj. more closely defined by a declarative or interrog. clause: οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι ἐστὶν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας = οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Στεφανᾶ ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀ. 1 Cor 16:15.—Ac 16:3 v.l. An indirect quest. may take the place of ὅτι: οἶδά σε τίς εἶ Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς πόθεν ἐστέ I do not know where you come from 13:25; cp. vs. 27 (ὑμᾶς is not found in all the mss. here); 2 Cl 4:5. τοῦτον οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν J 7:27; 9:29b.ⓓ foll. by acc. and inf. (Just., A I, 26, 4; 59, 6, D. 75, 4.—B-D-F §397, 1; s. Rob. 1036ff) Lk 4:41; 1 Pt 5:9; 1 Cl 62:3.ⓔ foll. by ὅτι (Aeneas Tact. 579; Dio Chrys. 31 [48], 1; Maximus Tyr. 16, 2b; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 14 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 6:6 al.; Just., A I, 12, 11; D. 4, 4 al.—B-D-F §397, 1; Rob. 1035) Mt 6:32; 9:6; 15:12; 20:25; Mk 10:42; Lk 2:49; 8:53; J 4:25; Ac 3:17 and very oft.; GJs 4:4; 5:1; 17:1; 20:2 codd.; 23:2. εἰδὼς (εἰδότες) ὅτι Ac 2:30; 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 7:1; 10:5; B 10:11; 19:6; IMg 14; ISm 4:1; Hs 8, 6, 1; 10, 3, 4 [Ox 404 recto, 15]; Pol 1:3; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1; D 3:10; AcPl Ha 1, 25; AcPlCor 2:29.—τοῦτο, ὅτι 1 Ti 1:9; 2 Ti 1:15. ἓν οἶδα, ὅτι I know just this one thing, that J 9:25b (Vi. Aesopi I c. 17 p. 269, 16f Eb. οὐκ οἶδα, τί γέγονεν. ἓν δʼ οἶδα μόνον, ὅτι …).—The formula οἴδαμεν ὅτι is freq. used to introduce a well-known fact that is generally accepted Mt 22:16; Lk 20:21; J 3:2; 9:31; Ro 2:2; 3:19; 7:14; 8:22, 28; 2 Cor 5:1; 1 Ti 1:8; 1J 3:2; 5:18ff. Paul also uses for this purpose the rhetorical question (ἢ) οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι; Ro 6:16; 1 Cor 3:16; 5:6; 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 9:13, 24.ⓕ w. indirect quest. foll.: (TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] μὴ εἰδὼς τίς ἐστίν; Just., D. 65, 1 οὐκ οἶδα τί φῶ) τίς, τί Mt 20:22; Mk 9:6 (HBaltensweiler, D. Verklärung Jesu ’59, 114f; on the grammar as well as the theme of inappropriateness in the face of transcendence cp. Eur., Bacch. 506, s. also 358); 10:38; 14:40; J 5:13; 6:6; 9:21b; 13:18; 15:15; Ro 8:27; 11:2; 1 Th 4:2; 2 Ti 3:14; IEph 12:1. ποῖος Mt 24:42f; Lk 12:39. ἡλίκος Col 2:1. οἷος 1 Th 1:5. ποῦ (ParJer 5:13) J 3:8; 8:14; 12:35 14:5; 20:2, 13. πῶς (BGU 37, 7; ApcMos 31) J 9:21a; Col 4:6; 2 Th 3:7; 1 Ti 3:15; GJs 23:3. πότε Mk 13:33, 35. πόθεν J 2:9a; 3:8; 7:28b; 8:14; 9:30. Foll. by εἰ whether (Lucian, Tox. 22) J 9:25; 1 Cor 7:16ab (JJeremias, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 255–66 understands τί οἶδας εἰ as ‘perhaps’; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, 170f); Hm 12, 3, 4.—εἴτε 2 Cor 12:2f.ⓖ followed by a relat. (PPetr II, 11 [1], 7 [III B.C.]) οἶδεν ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὧν χρείαν ἔχετε Mt 6:8; cp. Mk 5:33; 2 Ti 1:12.ⓗ foll. by περί τινος (Just., D. 5, 1) know about someth. Mt 24:36; Mk 13:32 (RBrown, Jesus, God and Man ’67, 59–79).ⓘ abs. (Just., A I, 21, 4 πρὸς εἰδότας λέγειν οὐκ ἀνάγκη) Mt 21:27; Mk 4:27; Lk 11:44; J 2:9b; 1 Cl 43:6. καθὼς (αὐτοὶ) οἴδατε as you (yourselves) know Ac 2:22; 1 Th 2:2, 5; cp. 3:4. καίπερ εἰδ. though you know (them) 2 Pt 1:12. ὁ θεὸς οἶδεν God knows (that I do) 2 Cor 11:11; cp. 9:9. ἴστε Js 1:19 (indic.: HermvSoden; BWeiss; Weymouth; W-S. §14, 7; impv: Hollmann; MDibelius; Windisch; OHoltzmann; Hauck; Meinertz; NRSV ‘You must understand this’; B-D-F §99, 2; Mlt. 245).② be intimately acquainted with or stand in a close relation to, know οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον I don’t know the man Mt 26:72, 74; cp. Mk 14:71; Lk 22:57. ὥστε ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν οὐδένα οἴδαμεν κατὰ σάρκα 2 Cor 5:16. οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει αὐτὸν ἐν σαρκί AcPl Ant 13, 16 (for this εἶδεν ἀυτὸν σαρκί Aa I 237, 2).— To know God, i.e. not only to know theoretically of God’s existence, but to have a positive relationship with God, or not to know God, i.e. wanting to know nothing about God: 2 Th 1:8; Tit 1:16.—J 7:28b; 8:19 al.—οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς I have nothing to do with you Mt 25:12. Cp. the formula of similar mng. by which a teacher excluded a scholar for seven days: Billerb. I 469; IV 293.③ to know/understand how, can, be able w. inf. foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 46; Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι; Herodian 3, 4, 8; Jos., Bell. 2, 91; 5, 407) οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι you know how to give good gifts Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13 (cp. TestJob 44:3 ᾔδεισαν εὖ ποιεῖν). οἴδατε δοκιμάζειν you understand how to interpret 12:56ab. οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν Phil 4:12. εἰδέναι ἕκαστον ὑμῶν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτᾶσθαι ἐν ἁγιασμῷ each one of you is to know how to possess his own vessel (s. σκεῦος 3) in consecration 1 Th 4:4. τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν does not know how to manage his own household 1 Ti 3:5. εἰδὼς καλὸν ποιεῖν Js 4:17. οἶδεν κύριος εὐσεβεῖς ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι 2 Pt 2:9. οἴδασιν διὰ κόπου … πορίζειν ἑαυτοῖς τὴν τροφήν 10:4. εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν one who knew how to endure pain 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:3).—Abs. ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it (=the tomb) as secure as you can Mt 27:65.④ to grasp the meaning of someth., understand, recognize, come to know, experience (Just., D. 114, 1 ἣν τέχνην ἐὰν μὴ εἰδῶσιν [of allegorizing]; Sallust. 3 p. 4, 8 τοῖς δυναμένοις εἰδέναι=to those who can understand it) w. acc. of thing τὴν παραβολήν Mk 4:13. τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον … ὅτι the sowing of wheat … that AcPlCor 2:26. τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου understand what is really human 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν vs. 12. τὰ συνέχοντά με IRo 6:3. W. indir. quest. foll. εἰδέναι τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπίς come to know what the hope is Eph 1:18. οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις I do not understand what you mean (Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 7, 4; TestAbr A 16, p. 98, 10 [Stone p. 44] οἶδα τί λέγεις) Mt 26:70; cp. J 16:18; 1 Cor 14:16. Lk 22:60 (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 9 οὐκ οἶσθα ἃ λέγεις; Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὅ λέγεις). εἴσεσθε ὅσα παρέχει ὁ θεός you will experience what God bestows Dg 12:1.—Esp. of Jesus’ ability to fathom people’s thoughts: τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν Mt 12:25. τὴν ὑπόκρισιν Mk 12:15. τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν Lk 6:8; cp. 11:17. PEg2 50 (=ASyn. 280, 45). W. ἐν ἑαυτῷ added and ὅτι foll. J 6:61.⑤ to remember, recollect, recall, be aware of λοιπὸν οὐκ οἶδα εἴ τινα ἄλλον ἐβάπτισα I don’t recall baptizing anyone else 1 Cor 1:16 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 1, 1 οἶσθα αὐτόν, ἢ ἐπιλέλησαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον; οὐκ, ἀλλʼ οἶδα, ὦ Γλυκέριον; Field, Notes 187).⑥ to recognize merit, respect, honor εἰδέναι τοὺς κοπιῶντας ἐν ὑμῖν respect the people who work among you 1 Th 5:12 (εἰδέναι τινά can mean recognize or honor someone [Ael. Aristid. 35, 35 K.=9 p. 111 D. τοὺς κρείττους εἰδέναι] but can also mean take an interest in someone, care for someone: Witkowski 30, 7 οἱ θεοί σε οἴδασιν). θεὸν καὶ ἐπίσκοπον εἰδέναι honor God and the bishop ISm 9:1.—τοῦτο ἴστε γινώσκοντες Eph 5:5 has been viewed as a Hebraism (so ARobinson 1904 ad loc., calling attention to LXX 1 Km 20:3 γινώσκων οἶδεν and Sym. Jer 49 [42]: 22 ἴστε γινώσκοντες), but against this view SPorter, ZNW 81, ’90, 270–76.—B. 1209. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
4 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
5 ἐγώ
ἐγώ ( ἐγώ(ν), μοι, ἐμοί, ἐμίν, με, ἐμέ; ἄμμες, ἄμμι(ν), ἄμμε; νῷν) Apart from its use within direct speech, this pronoun in the singular may normally be referred to both Pindar and chorus, but to the chorus only Pae. 4.21 cf. Fränkel, W & F, 366̆{1}, van Leeuwen, 407̆{15}, 505̆{36}. The plural is never certainly used to represent the singular.1 ἐγώ. ( ἐγών before a vowel P. 3.77, but ἐγώ correpted I. 1.4) “ οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι” O. 4.24καὶ ἐγὼ νέκταρ πέμπων ἱλάσκομαι O. 7.7
εἰ δ' ἐγὼ κῦδος ἀνέδραμον ὕμνῳ O. 8.54
ἐγὼ δέ τοι ἀγγελίαν πέμψω ταύταν O. 9.21ἐγὼ δὲ κλυτὸν ἔθνος Λοκρῶν ἀμφέπεσον, μέλιτι εὐάνορα πόλιν καταβρέχων O. 10.97
ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ O. 13.49
διασωπάσομαί οἱ μόρον ἐγώ O. 13.91
ἄνδρα δ' ἐγὼ κεῖνον αἰνῆσαι μενοινῶν ἔλπομαι P. 1.42
ἀλλ' ἐπεύξασθαι μὲν ἐγὼν ἐθέλω P. 3.77
ἀπὸ δ' αὐτὸν ἐγὼ Μοίσαισι δώσω P. 4.67
“ μῆλά τε γάρ τοᾰ ἐγὼ ἀφίημ” P. 4.148ἐγὼ δ' Ἡρακλέος ἀντέχομαι προφρόνως N. 1.33
ἐγὼ δὲ κοινάσομαι N. 3.11
ἐγὼ τόδε τοι πέμπω πόμ' ἀοίδιμον N. 3.76
ἑκόντι δ' ἐγὼ νώτῳ ἄγγελος ἔβαν N. 6.57
ἐγὼ δὲ πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν διὰ τὸν ἁδυεπῆ γενέσθ Ὅμηρον N. 7.20
χρυσὸν εὔχονται, πεδίον δ' ἕτεροι ἀπέραντον, ἐγὼ δ ἀστοῖς ἁδὼν N. 8.38
( ἄεθλοι)ὧν ἐγὼ μνασθεὶς ἐπασκήσω κλυταῖς ἥρωα τιμαῖς N. 9.9
ἄνδρα δ' ἐγὼ μακαρίζω μὲν πατέῤ Ἀρκεσίλαν N. 11.11
ἀλλἐγω̆ Ἡροδότῳ τεύχων τὸ μὲν ἅρματι τεθρίππῳ γέρας ἐθέλω I. 1.14
χαίρετ· ἐγὼ δὲ Ποσειδάωνι περιστέλλων ἀοιδὰν γαρύσομαι I. 1.32
ἐγὼ δ' ὑψίθρονον Κλωθὼ κασιγνήτας τε προσεννέπω ἑσπέσθαι κλυταῖς ἀνδρὸς φίλου Μοίρας ἐφετμαῖς I. 6.16
τῶ καὶ ἐγώ, καίπερ ἀχνύμενος θυμόν, αἰτέομαι χρυσέαν καλέσαι Μοῖσαν I. 8.5
ἤτοι καὶ ἐγὼ σκόπελον ναίων διαγινώσκομαι a chorus of Keans speaksΠα.. 21. κλυτοὶ μάντιες Ἀπόλλωνος, ἐγὼ μὲν ὑπὲρ χθονὸς Pae. 8.14
σὲ δ' ἐγὼ παρά μιν αἰνέω μέν, Γηρυόνα, fr. 81 ad Δ. 2. ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τάκομαι (as opposed to those not affected by love of Theoxenos) fr. 123. 10. ] νον ἐγὼ[ fr. 140a. 77 (51). ἐγὼ μ[ fr. 140b. 11. μαντεύεο, Μοῖσα, προφατεύσω δ' ἐγώ fr. 150. “ καὶ τότ' ἐγὼ” fr. 168. 4.2 acc. a. με, μ(ε).στέφανοι πράσσοντί με τοῦτο θεόδματον χρέος O. 3.7
ἅ τε Πίσα με γεγωνεῖν O. 3.9
τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι μ' ἔπεμψαν μάρτυῤ ἀέθλων O. 4.2
[ δεῖ σάμερόν μ' ἐλθεῖν (μ add. Boeckh met. gr.: om. codd.) O. 6.28]ἅ μ' ἐθέλοντα προσέρπει O. 6.83
μὴ βαλέτω με λίθῳ τραχεῖ φθόνος O. 8.55
ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν P. 2.96
ἄγοντι δέ με πέντε μὲν Ἰσθμοῖ νῖκαι P. 7.13
Χαρίτων κελαδεννᾶν μή με λίποι καθαρὸν φέγγος P. 9.90
ἀλλά με Πυθώ τε καὶ τὸ Πελινναῖον ἀπύει P. 10.4
ἤ μέ τις ἄνεμος ἔξω πλόου ἔβαλεν; P. 11.39τὰ μακρὰ δ' ἐξενέπειν ἐρύκει με τεθμὸς N. 4.33
εἰ δέ τοι μάτρῳ μ' ἔτι Καλλικλεῖ κελεύεις στάλαν θέμεν N. 4.80
οὐ μέμφεταί μ' ἀνήρ N. 7.64
ἔα με N. 7.75
Λατόος ἔνθα με παῖδες εὐμενεῖ δέξασθε νόῳ Pae. 5.44
λίσσομαι ἐν ζαθέῳ με δέξαι χρόνῳ ἀοίδιμον Πιερίδων προφάταν Pae. 6.5
Διόθεν τέ με σὺν ἀγλαίᾳ ἴδετε πορευθέντ fr. 75. 7. ἀνδρὸς δ' οὔτε γυναικός χρή [μ]ε λαθεῖν ἀοιδὰν πρόσφορον Παρθ. 2. 3. ὁ Μοισαγέτας με καλεῖ χορεῦσαι Ἀπόλλων fr. 94c. 1. ἀλλὰ θαυμάζω τί με λέξοντι Ἰσθμοῦ δεσπόται fr. 122. 13. Μοῖσ' ἀνέηκέ με fr. 151. οὔτοι με ξένον οὐδ' ἀδαήμονα Μοισᾶν ἐπαίδευσαν κλυταὶ Θῆβαι fr. 198. ὦ τάν, μή με κερτόμ[ει (με a papyri correctore deletum metro tamen desideratur) fr. 215. 4. “ Κενταύρου με κοῦραι θρέψαν ἁγναί.” P. 4.103 “ τοί μ' κρύβδα πέμπον” P. 4.111 “ φὴρ δέ με θεῖος Ἰάσονα κικλῄσκων προσαύδα” P. 4.119 “ κοὔ με πονεῖ” P. 4.151 “ ἀλλ' ἤδη με γηραιὸν μέρος ἁλικίας ἀμφιπολεῖ” P. 4.157 “ καὶ ὡς τάχος ὀτρύνει με” P. 4.164 “ ὥσπερ τόδε δέρμα με νῦν περιπλανᾶται θηρός” (Stephanus: μίμνοι codd.: Herakles speaks) I. 6.47b ἐμέ, ἔμ(ε): emphatic, in first position in sentence save in two dubious examples, fr. 6a. e, fr. 75. 13, where perhaps με should be read.ἐμὲ δὲ στεφανῶσαι κεῖνον χρή O. 1.100
εἴη σέ τε πατεῖν, ἐμέ τε ὁμιλεῖν O. 1.115
ἐμὲ δ' ὦν πᾳ θυμὸς ὀτρύνει φάμεν O. 3.38
ἀλλ' ἐμὲ χρὴ φράσαι O. 8.74
ἐμὲ δ' οὐ χρὴ τὰ πολλὰ βέλεα καρτύνειν χεροῖν O. 13.93
ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼν φεύγειν δάκος ἀδινὸν κακαγοριᾶν P. 2.52
ἐμὲ δ' οὖν τις ἀοιδᾶν δίψαν ἀκειόμενον πράσσει χρέος P. 9.103
Μξῖσ, ἀνέγειρ' ἐμέ fr. 6a. e. cf. fr. 151. ἐμὲ δ' ἐξαίρετον κάρυκα σοφῶν ἐπέων Μοῖσ ἀνέστασ' *d. 2. 23. ἐναργέα τἔμ ὥστε μάντιν οὐ λανθάνει (van Groningen: νεμέω, νεμεα, τεμεῷ codd. Dion. Hal.) fr. 75. 13. ἐμὲ δὲ πρέπει παρθενήια μὲν φρονεῖν a chorus of girls speaks *parq. 2. 33. “ ἐμὲ δ' ἐπὶ ταχυτάτων πόρευσον ἁρμάτων” O. 1.77 “ ἀλλ' ἐμὲ χρὴ καὶ δὲ ὑφαίνειν” P. 4.1413 dat.a μοι (correpted O. 2.83, N. 1.21, N. 10.80, Pae. 7.10) πολλά μοᾰ ὑπἀγκῶνος ὠκέα βέλη ἔνδον ἐντὶ φαρέτρας possessive O. 2.83Μοῖσα δ' οὕτω ποι παρέστα μοι νεοσίγαλον εὑρόντι τρόπον O. 3.4
τόλμα τέ μοι εὐθεῖα γλῶσσαν ὀρνύει λέγειν possessive. O. 13.11ἀλαθής τέ μοι ἔξορκος ἐπέσσεται ἁδύγλωσσος βοὰ O. 13.98
εἰ δέ μοι πλοῦτον θεὸς ἁβρὸν ὀρέξαι P. 3.110
“ δόμους φράσσατέ μοι σαφέως” P. 4.117 “ ταῦτά μοι θαυμαστὸς ὄνειρος ἰὼν φωνεῖ” P. 4.163μακρά μοι νεῖσθαι κατ' ἀμαξιτόν P. 4.247
τὸ δ' ἐν ποσί μοι τράχον ἴτω τεὸν χρέος possessive P. 8.32γείτων ὅτι μοι καὶ κτεάνων φύλαξ ἐμῶν ὑπάντασεν ἰόντι P. 8.58
ἔνθα μοι ἁρμόδιον δεῖπνον κεκόσμηται N. 1.21
( ῥῆμα)τό μοι θέμεν εἴη N. 4.9
ἄπορα γὰρ λόγον Αἰακοῦ παίδων τὸν ἅπαντά μοι διελθεῖν N. 4.72
μακρά μοι αὐτόθεν ἅλμαθ' ὑποσκάπτοι τις N. 5.19
θρασύ μοι τόδ' εἰπεῖν N. 7.50
εἴη μή ποτέ μοι τοιοῦτον ἦθος N. 8.35
τὸ δ' αὖτις τεὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι οὔ μοι δυνατόν N. 8.45
βραχύ μοι στόμα πάντ' ἀναγήσασθ N. 10.19
“ ἔσσι μοᾰ υἱός” N. 10.80μή μοι κραναὰ νεμεσάσαι Δᾶλος I. 1.3
ἔστι μοι θεῶν ἕκατι μυρία παντᾷ κέλευθος I. 4.1
πολλὰ μὲν ἀρτεπὴς γλῶσσά μοι τοξεύματ' ἔχει I. 5.47
τέθμιόν μοι φαμί σαφέστατον ἔμμεν I. 6.20
ἀλλὰ νῦν μοι Γαιάοχος εὐδίαν ὄπασσεν ἐκ χειμῶνος I. 7.37
κεἴ μοί τιν' ἄνδρα τῶν θανόντων fr. 4.μή μοι μέγας ἕρπων κάμοι ἐξοπίσω χρόνος ἔμπεδος Pae. 2.26
λίαν μοι [δέο]ς ἔμπεδον εἴη κεν” possessive Πα... ἔραται δέ μο[ι] γλῶσσα μέλιτος ἄωτον γλυκὺν[ (sc. καταλείβειν simm., Wil.)Πα... ]Χαρίτεσσί μοᾰ ἄγχι θ[ Pae. 7.10
]μη μο[ι Πα. 7B. 7. ἄπιστά μοι δέδοικα Πα. 7B. 45. ] εἰ δέ μοι[ fr. 60a. 3. “ὦ τάλας ἐφάμερε, νήπια βάζεις, χρήματά μοι διακομπέων” fr. 157. δίχα μοι νόος ἀτρέκειαν εἰπεῖν fr. 213. 4. ἔστι μοι πατρίδ' ἀρχαίαν ( ἀγάλλειν e. g. supp. Snell) fr. 215. 5. ethic dat., c. impv.ζεῦξον ἤδη μοι σθένος ἡμιόνων O. 6.22
ἀπό μοι λόγον τοῦτον, στόμα, ῥῖψον O. 9.35
ἀνάγνωτέ μοι Ἀρχεστράτου παῖδα O. 10.1
ἔλα νῦν μοι πεδόθεν I. 5.38
ἐ]να[ισίμ]ῳ νῦν μοι ποδὶ στείχ ων ἁγέο Παρθ. 2. 66. cf.καὶ πὰρ Δεινομένει κελαδῆσαι πίθεό μοι ποινὰν τεθρίππων P. 1.59
b ἐμοί, emphatic form, never ethic, once possessive P. 5.76ἐμοὶ δ' ἄπορα γαστρίμαργον μακάρων τιν εἰπεῖν O. 1.52
ἀλλ' ἐμοὶ μὲν οὗτος ἄεθλος ὑποκείσεται O. 1.84
ἐμοὶ μὲν ὦν Μοῖσα καρτερώτατον βέλος ἀλκᾷ τρέφει O. 1.111
ὣς ἐμοὶ φάσμα λέγει O. 8.43
βουλαὶ δὲ πρεσβύτεραι ἀκίνδυνον ἐμοὶ ἔπος παρέχοντι P. 2.66
“ τοῦτ' ἔργον ἐμοὶ τελέσαις —” P. 4.230 φῶτες Αἰγείδαι, ἐμοὶ πατέρες (v. Wil., Pind., 477f; Fränkel, D & P, 485̆{2}) P. 5.76ἐμοὶ δὲ θαυμάσαι θεῶν τελεσάντων οὐδέν ποτε φαίνεται ἔμμεν ἄπιστον P. 10.48
ἐμοὶ δ' ὁποίαν ἀρετὰν ἔδωκε Πότμος ἄναξ N. 4.41
“καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατον σὺν τῷδ' ἐπίτειλον, ἄναξ” N. 10.77 “εἰ μὲν αὐτὸς Οὔλυμπον θέλεις λτ;ναίειν ἐμοὶγτ; σύν τ' Ἀθαναίᾳ” (supp. Boeckh: om. codd.) N. 10.84ἐμοὶ δὲ μακρὸν πάσας ἀναγήσασθ' ἀρετάς I. 6.56
ἀλλ' ἐμοὶ δεῖμα μὲν παροιχόμενον καρτερὰν ἔπαυσε μέριμναν ( ἀλλ' ἐμὲ coni. Boehmer) I. 8.11ἐμο[ὶ δ] Pae. 2.102
“ ἐμοὶ δ' ὀλίγον δέδοται” a chorus of Keans speaks Πα... ἐμοὶ δὲ τοῦτον διέδω[κ.ν] ἀθάνατον πόνον *pa. 7B. 21.c ἐμίν. [κατ' ἐμὶν coni. Schr.: κατά τιν codd. P. 8.68] ]τὶν μὲν [πά]ρ μιν[] ἐμὶν δὲ πὰ[ρ] κείνοι[ς Pae. 10.19
cf. Σ Ar., Av. 931: χλευάζει τῶν διθυραμ- βοποιῶν τὸν συνεχῆ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις δωρισμὸν καὶ μάλιστα τὸν Πίνδαρον συνεχῶς λέγοντα ἐν ταῖς αἰτήσεσι τὸ ἐμίν fr. 298, Schr.4 ἄμμες, Aeolic nom. pl. “ τρίταισιν δ' ἐν γοναῖς ἄμμες αὖ κείνων φυτευθέντες” (v. 1. ἀμὲς) P. 4.1445 ἄμμε, acc. pl.: us i. e. mankindμία δ' οὐχ ἅπαντας ἄμμε θρέψει μελέτα O. 9.106
καίπερ ἐφαμερίαν οὐκ εἰδότες οὐδὲ μετὰ νύκτας ἄμμε πότμος ἅντιν' ἔγραψε δραμεῖν ποτὶ στάθμαν N. 6.6
6 ἄμμιν, ἄμμι, dat. pl. “λῦσον, ἄμμιν μή τι νεώτερον ἀναστάῃ” P. 4.155 “ καρτερὸς ὅρκος ἄμμιν μάρτυς ἔστω Ζεῦς” P. 4.167 ἄμμι δ' ἔοικε Κρόνου σεισίχθον υἱὸν κελαδῇσαι i. e. for Pindar and his fellow Thebans I. 1.52 ἄμμι δ' πόρε, Λοξία, τεαῖσιν ἁμίλλαισιν εὐανθέα καὶ Πυθόι στέφανον i. e. to the chorus and the victor I. 7.49 ἐπειδὴ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλᾶς γε Ταντάλου λίθον παρά τις ἔτρεψεν ἄμμι θεός i. e. for us Greeks I. 8.10 “ μηδὲ Νηρέος θυγάτηρ νεικέων πέταλα δὶς ἐγγυαλιζέτω ἄμμιν.” I. 8.44 μὴ προφαίνειν, τίς φέρεται μόχθος ἄμμιν (probably the fragment is part of some speech) fr. 42. 2.7 νῷν dual dat. “ οὐ πρέπει νῷν τιμὰν δάσασθαι” (νῶ(ι)ν, νῶ(ι) codd.) P. 4.147 ] ο νῶιν[ (σὺν τῷ ϊ. Σ.) P. Oxy. 841. fr. 94. 2. -
6 πρίν
πρίν, Adv. and Conj.,A before, until.[πρῐν 19
times in Hom., Il.2.344, al.; πρῑν in Il.6.81, 13.172, al.; once written [full] πρείν, Leg.Gort.7.40, but [full] πρίν IG12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.; Trag. and Com. always πρῐν ( πρίν γ' must be read in Ar.Ach. 176).]A Adv. of Time, before, either in the sense of sooner or in that of formerly, erst (implying duration up to a certain time):I of future time, with [tense] fut. Indic.,πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν Il.1.29
, cf. 18.283, Od.2.198, etc.: with Subj. = [tense] fut.,πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα Il.24.551
: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο Od.3.117
, cf. 11.330, 14.155, Ar. Pax 1076, 1112: with Opt., Il. 24.800: with Imper., 9.250: with Inf. (expressing a wish), 2.413, (expressing an oath) Od.4.254.II of past time,1 formerly, once,πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο.., νῦν δὲ.. Il.2.112
, v.l. in 9.19, cf. 23.827;πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα Od.4.724
, cf. 3.408.2 formerly (up to a certain point), before, in this sense freq. with Art.,τὸ πρίν γ' ἐκέκαστο Il.5.54
;τὸ πρίν γε.., νῦν δὲ.. 13.105
;νῦν δὲ.. τὸ πρίν γε 16.208
, cf. A.Pr. 443, Hdt.1.129: without Art.,τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν Pl.Phd. 75e
: with ellipsis of part. γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια (sc. γενόμενα ) the giants of old, A.Pr. 151 (lyr.); τοῦ π. Αἰγέως Aegeus gone before, S.OC69;ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ Id.Ph. 1224
;ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις Th.2.62
: with part. expressed,τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας Hdt.8.37
;τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους Pl.R. 547c
, etc.3 hitherto,π. μέν.. B.12.114
; until that time, and so meanwhile, Id.15.13.4 sts. folld. by gen.,π. ὥρας Pi.P.4.43
;π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους J.BJ1.6.1
;π. γενέσεως Thd.Su.42
;π. τῆς συνόδου S.E.M.9.371
;π. φάους Arr.An. 3.18.6
; π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, S.E.P.7.162, v.l. in LXX To. 14.15; also πρὶν οὗ c. inf., SIG953.16 (Calymna, ii B.C.); c. indic., Test. ap. D.46.21.B Conj. before, ere: freq. following an antecedent clause with adverbial π. (chiefly in [dialect] Ep.), or its equivalents πρότερον, πρόσθεν, πάρος (poet.), esp. with negat.,οὐδὲ π..., π... Il.1.98
,7.481, Od.19.475;μὴ π..., π... Il.2.355
, E.HF 605;π..., π... Il.2.348
, 8.453, Od.19.586;οὐ πρότερον.., π... Ar.Ec. 620
, And.4.17, D.9.61;μὴ πρότερον.. π... S.Ph. 199
(anap.), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.1.10;πρότερον.., π... And.4.1
, X.Cyr.5.2.9;οὐ πρόσθεν.., π... Od. 17.9
, X.Cyr.1.4.23;μὴ πρόσθεν.., π... Id.An.1.1.10
;πρόσθε., π. τυχεῖν Pi.P.2.92
;οὐ πάρος.., π... Od.2.128
, Il.5.219; preceded by φθάνω, 16.322, Antipho 1.29, Th.4.79, 104, 6.97, 8.12, X.An.4.1.21, Cyr.2.4.25; sts. folld. byἤ, οὐ.. πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ' ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα Il.5.288
, cf. 22.266, Hdt.1.136, 165, al.; dub. and perh. always corrupt in [dialect] Att. and X., Th.5.61, Lys.6.11, Isoc.4.19 (v.l.), Lycurg.128, Aeschin.2.132 (v.l.), X.Cyr.1.4.23, An. 4.5.1, but freq. in later Greek, LXX Ge.29.26, etc.I c. inf., the prevailing constr. in Hom., after positive and negative clauses alike: in [dialect] Att. mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is,I regularly [tense] aor.,a after a positive clause,ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.13.172
, cf. 8.453, 16.322, Od.1.210;Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι 4.668
, cf. Il.6.465, 24.245, Pi.P.2.92.3.9, N.8.19, Hdt.6.119, A.Pers. 712, Ag. 1539 (anap.). S.Ant. 120 (lyr.), Tr. 396, E.Alc. 281, Ar.Eq. 258, al., Antipho 5.67, Th.1.125, X.An.4.1.7, Pl.Prt. 350b, al.; after negat. questions which expect a posit. answer, E.Andr. 1069, Ion 524, Rh. 684, Ar.Ra. 481, etc.b after a negat. clause,οὐδ' ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ' ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην Il.1.98
, cf. 19.423, Od.2.128, 4.747 : after Hom. a negat. antecedent is commonly folld. by πρίν with finite Verb (v. infr. 11); but Inf. is found where π. precedes,π. ἰδεῖν δ', οὐδεὶς μάντις S.Aj. 1419
(anap.);π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας And.4.8
;π. νικῆσαι.., οὐκ ἦν.. Lys.19.28
;π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε D.3.12
, cf. Lycurg. 135; also,οὔτε.. π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο X.Cyr.8.1.38
; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded),ὅταν.. δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις Isoc.5.70
, cf. E.Fr.453.6, S.Tr. 632; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes,οὔθ' ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ' οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον E.Alc. 362
, cf. Rh.61; otherwise not common,ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι Lys.19.55
;οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου.., π. κατασκῆψαί τινα E.Med.94
, cf. HF 605;καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι D.5.15
, cf. X.Oec.4.24: after neg. opt. with ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ' ἂν οὐδ' ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι a.Supp.772, cf. Pl.Lg. 769e: after a past tense (in orat. obliq.),ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι Hdt.1.165
, cf. 4.9, Th. 7.50, X.HG6.5.23, Pl.Phd. 61a.2 also [tense] pres., to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like , 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to',π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη A.Supp. 702
(lyr.), cf. Ag. 1067;π. νυν τὰ πλείον' ἱστορεῖν.., ἔξελθε S.OC36
, cf. El.20;π. κλαίειν τινά E.Andr. 577
, cf. Or. 1095;π. λέγειν Ar.Th. 380
, cf. Ach. 383, Hdt. 8.3, And.4.1, Th.3.24, Pl.Lg. 666a, X.Cyr.2.4.25, Mem.1.2.40, etc.3 also [tense] perf., after a [tense] fut.,π. τόδ' ἐξηντληκέναι E.Med.79
; after [tense] pres. or [tense] impf., Id.El. 1069, cf. Hdt.3.25;π..., τί μέλλετ'.. ; E.Ph. 1145
;π. καὶ τεθύσθαι Ar.Av. 1034
, cf. V. 1156, Pax 375, Lys. 322 (lyr.), Ra. 1185, X. An.4.1.21, Pl.Tht. 164c, Prt. 320a, etc.; with ἥκειν in [tense] pf. sense, Hdt.6.116;οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν Th.5.10
.II with a finite Verb:1 with Ind., chiefly [tense] aor.: not in Hom. (first in h.Ap. 357), who uses Ind. only with πρίν γ' ὅτε, πρίν γ' ὅτε δή, after both posit. and neg. clauses,ἠλώμην.., πρίν γ' ὅτε.. ἤγαγες Od.13.322
;πρίν γ' ὅτε δή με.. κάλεσσεν 23.43
, cf. Il.12.437;οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν.., πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο.. νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν Od.4.180
: rarely with [tense] impf., οὐδ' ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν.. ἔπειθον, πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο ( began to be hit) Il.9.588: freq. after Hom., with [tense] aor.,a after neg. clauses: of a fact in the past,οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ' οὐδὲν.., πρίν γ' ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα A.Pr. 481
;οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη.. Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο Hdt.6.45
; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὣς.. ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο'ν.., πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς.. μηνυτὴς γίγνεται (histor. [tense] pres. = [tense] aor.) Th.1.132, cf. 3.101, 5.61, Hdt.6.79, Ar.Av. 700, X.Cyr.1.4.23,4.5.13 (histor. [tense] pres.), HG5.4.58, etc.; once in Pl., Phdr. 266a; as part of an unfulfilled condition,οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ' ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα Sol.
ap. Arist.Ath.12.5;οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον.., πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν Pl.Men. 86d
, cf. Tht. 165e;χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος D.20.96
; after verbs implying a neg.,ἀμφιγνοεῖν X.An.2.5.33
,θαυμάζειν Th.1.51
,λανθάνειν Id.3.29
; also with [tense] impf.,οὔπω ᾔδει.. π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν Antipho 1.19
, cf. And.4.17, D.9.61.b after posit. clauses (both combined, A.Pr. 481, Th.1.118), with the sense until,ἠγόμην δ' ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος.., πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S.OT 776
; σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν.. πείθει (histor. [tense] pres.) E. Hec. 131 (anap.);πρίν γ' ὁρᾷ Id.Med. 1173
; freq. folld. byδή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο Id.Andr. 1147
; τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη (neg. idea)ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν Th.3.104
, cf.7.39 (histor. [tense] pres.), 71.2 with Subj. only after negs. or equiv. of neg., = ἕως or ἢν μή (in Isoc.4.173 ἢν μή and πρὶν ἄν are used almost as synonyms);οὐ καταδυσόμεθ', ἀχνύμενοί περ.., πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ Od.10.175
;μή πω καταδύσεο.., πρίν γ' ἐμὲ.. ἴδηαι Il.18.135
, cf. 190, 24.781;ἀλλ' ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ' ὅτ' ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται Od.2.374
, cf. 4.477: in Prose usu. πρὶν ἄν (πρίν κα Berl.Sitzb.1927.161
([place name] Cyrene)), rarely π. alone, as also πρὶν ἤ:a generally with [tense] aor., to express an action preceding the action of the anteced. clause, the Verb in which is [tense] fut. (or some equiv. of the [tense] fut.) or imper.,οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ Hdt.4.117
, cf. 1.82 (v.l.), 3.109 (v.l.); νῦν δ' οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων (the sense here is [tense] fut.), , cf. 166 (lyr.), 177 (anap.);οὐ γάρ ποτ' ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν.. στήσῃς ἄγων S.OC 909
, cf. 48, 1041, OT 1529, etc.;οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις.., πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις Id.Tr.2
;οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε.. ἔξω βάλω E.Med. 276
, cf. 680, Alc. 1145, IA 324, IT19, 1302;μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε.., π. ἄν γ' ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων Ar.V. 920
, cf. Ach. 176, 230, X.Hier.6.13, Cyr.1.2.8, An.1. 1.10, 5.7.12, Pl.Phdr. 228c, La. 187e (ἂν added in later codd.), etc.;μηδέν' ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ'ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ S.OT 1529
(troch.);οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν.. ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ Ar.Lys. 704
: π. withoutἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς S.Ph. 917
, cf. Ant. 619 (lyr.), Aj. 742, 965, Tr. 608, 946;οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται.., π. γυναῖκ' ἐμοὶ μεθῇ E.Alc. 849
, cf. Or. 1218, 1357 (lyr.);π. χαρίσωνται Ar.Ec. 629
(s.v.l.);οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται Hdt.4.157
;π. διαγνῶσι Th.6.29
; π... βεβαιωσώμεθα ib.10 (dub.l.);πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ Pl.Phd. 62c
codd.;π. ἐξετάσωσιν Hyp.Eux.4
: πρὶν ἤ (never with ἄν), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι Hdt.1.19
, cf. 136, Pl.Ti. 57b, etc.: with neg. implied,ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ Hdt.7.10
.ή; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν.. ψηφίσησθε Lys. 22.4
;ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι.., π. ἂν.. διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει Isoc.4.16
(where ὅστις οὖν οἴεται = οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι, as is shown by ἀλλὰ δεῖ in the next sentence, cf. D.38.24).b less freq. (never in Hom.) with [tense] pres. subj.: μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς (the Verb has no [tense] aor.) (anap.);ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ Aeschin.1.10
, cf. Antipho 1.29, X.Cyr.2.2.8, Pl.Phdr. 271c.3 πρίν with Opt.:a representing subj. after histor. tenses,οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580
; πρίν γ' ὅτε, as with subj., 9.488;ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι S. Ph. 551
, cf. Th.3.22, X.Cyr.1.4.14, HG6.5.19 (cf. 2.4.18), An.1.2.2, Pl.Ap. 36c, etc.b by assimilation,ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι S.Ph. 961
, cf. Tr. 657 (lyr.); οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης (potential opt.)..π. πειρηθείης Thgn.126
; after opt. withἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο Pl.Lg. 799d
, cf. S.OT 505 (lyr.).4 π. ἄν c. opt. is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by orat. obl.,ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι Antipho 5.34
(s.v.l.), cf. X.HG2.3.48, 2.4.18. -
7 οὐ
οὐ, the negative ofA fact and statement, as μή of will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective. —The same differences hold for all compds. of οὐ and μή, and some examples of οὐδέ and οὐδείς are included below.—As to the Form, v. infr. G.A USAGE.I as the negative of single words,II as the negative of the sentence.I οὐ adhering to single words so as to form a quasi-compd. with them:—with Verbs: οὐ δίδωμι withhold, Il.24.296; οὐκ εἰῶ prevent, 2.132, 4.55, al.; οὐκ ἐθέλω refuse, 1.112, 3.289, al.; οὔ φημι deny, 7.393, 23.668, al. (In most of these uses μή can replace οὐ when the constr. requires it, e.g.εἰ μή φησι ταῦτα ἀληθῆ εἶναι Lycurg.34
; but sts. οὐ is retained,εἰ δ' ἂν.. οὐκ ἐθέλωσιν Il.3.289
;εἰ δέ κ'.. ου'κ εἰῶσι 20.139
;ἐὰν οὐ φάσκῃ Lys.13.76
; ἐάντε.. οὐ (v.l. μή)φῆτε ἐάντε φῆτε Pl. Ap. 25b
):—with Participles:οὐκ ἐθέλων Il.4.224
, 300, 6.165, etc.:— with Adjectives:οὐκ ἀέκοντε 5.366
, 768, al.;οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7
, etc.:— with Adverbs:οὐχ ἥκιστα Id.1.68
, etc.: rarely with Verbal Nouns (v. infr. 11.10).—On the use of οὐ in contrasts, v. infr. B.II as negativing the whole sentence,1 οὐ is freq. used alone, sts. with the ellipsis of a definite Verb, οὔκ (sc. ἀποκερῇ), ἄν γε ἐμοὶ πείθῃ Pl.Phd. 89b
: sts. as negativing the preceding sentence, Ar. Pax 850, X.HG1.7.19: as a Particle of solemn denial freq. with μά (q. v.) and the acc.; sts. withoutμά, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον S. OT 660
(lyr.), cf. 1088 (lyr.), El. 1063 (lyr.), Ant. 758.2 with ind. of statement,τὴν δ' ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω Il.1.29
, cf. 114, 495;οὐ φθίνει Κροίσου φιλόφρων ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94
; ;οὔ κεν.. ἔπαξε Pi.N.7.25
;οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Il.8.369
.3 with subj. in [tense] fut. sense, only in [dialect] Ep., ; , cf. 11.387.4 with opt. in potential sense (without ἄν or κεν), also [dialect] Ep., , 20.286.5 with opt. andἄν, κείνοισι δ' ἂν οὔ τις.. μαχέοιτο 1.271
, cf. 301, 2.250, Hdt. 6.63, A.Pr. 979, S.Aj. 155 (anap.), E.IA 310, Ar.Ach. 403, etc.6 in dependent clauses οὐ is used,a with ὅτι or ὡς, after Verbs of saying, knowing, and showing,ἐκ μέν τοι ἐρέω.. ὡς ἐγὼ οὔ τι ἑκὼν κατερύκομαι Od.4.377
, cf. S.El. 561, D.2.8, etc.: so with ind. or opt. andἄν, ἀπελογοῦντο ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὕτω μωροὶ ἦσαν X.HG5.4.22
, cf. Pl.R. 330a; , cf. X.Cyr.1.1.3, etc.: with opt. representing ind. in orat. obliq.,ἔλεξε παιδὶ σῷ.. ὡς.. Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν A.Pers. 358
, cf. S.Ph. 346, Th.1.38, X.HG6.1.1, Pl.Ap. 22b, etc.: for μή in such sentences, v. μή B. 3.b in all causal sentences, and in temporal and Relat. sentences unless there is conditional or final meaning,χωσαμένη, ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια.. ῥέξε Il.9.534
;ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ κάρτα θεραπεύεται Hdt.3.80
;διότι οὐκ ἦσαν δίκαι, οὐ δυνατοὶ ἦμεν παρ' αὐτῶν ἃ ὤφειλον πράξασθαι Lys.17.3
;μή με κτεῖν', ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι Il.21.95
, etc.;νῦν δὲ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις.., εἶμι Pl.Prt. 335c
;ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον οὐχ ἡλίσκετο Th.1.102
; , etc.: in causal relative sentences,οἵτινές σε οὐχὶ ἐσώσαμεν Pl.Cri. 46a
; esp. in the combinations, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐ .., as , cf. Hec. 298;οὔτις ἔσθ' ὃς οὔ S.Aj. 725
; οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις οὐ .. Isoc. 15.180.c after ὥστε with ind. or opt. withἄν, ὥστ' οὐ δυνατόν σ' εἵργειν ἔσται Ar.V. 384
, cf. S.Aj.98, OT 411;οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶμεν.. ὥστε.. οὐκ ἂν ἐθελήσαιμεν Isoc.8.45
;οὐκ ἂν ὡρκίζομεν αὐτὸν ὥστε τῆς εἰρήνης ἂν διημαρτήκει καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀμφότερ' εἶχε D.18.30
: ὥστε οὐ with inf. is almost invariably due to orat. obliq., ὥστ' οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθαι (for οὐκ αἰσχύνονται) Id.19.308, cf. Th.5.40, 8.76, Lys.18.6, Is.11.27 (cj. Reiske).—Rarely not in orat. obliq., S.El. 780, E. Ph. 1358, Hel. 108, D.53.2,9.48.7 in a conditional clause μή is necessary, except,a in Hom., when the εἰ clause precedes the apodosis and the verb is indic.,εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσ' ἐπιπείσεται Il. 15.162
, cf. 178, 20.129, 24.296, Od.2.274, Il.4.160, Od.12.382, 13.144 (9.410 is an exception).b when the εἰ clause is really causal, as after Verbs expressing surprise or emotion,μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ τῶν εἰρημένων οὐ πρέπει σοι Isoc.1.44
;κατοικτῖραι.., εἰ.. οὐδεὶς ἐς ἑκατοστὸν ἔτος περιέσται Hdt.7.46
, cf. S.Aj. 1242; so alsoδεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη πρῆγμα, εἰ Σάκας μὲν καταστρεψάμενοι δούλους ἔχομεν, Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα Hdt.7.9
, cf. And.1.102, Lys.20.8 (prob.), D.8.55;οὐκ αἰσχρόν, εἰ τὸ μὲν Ἀργείων πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχήν, ὑμεῖς δ' ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι βάρβαρον ἄνθρωπον.. φοβήσεσθε
;Id.
15.23, cf. Hdt.5.97, Lys.22.13.c when οὐ belongs closely to the next word (v. A. I), or is quoted unchanged,εἰ, ὡς νῦν φήσει, οὐ παρεσκευάσατο D.54.29
codd.; εἰ δ' οὐκέτ' ἐστί (sc. ὥσπερ λέγεις), τίνι τρόπῳ διεφθάρη
;E.
Ion 347.8 οὐ is used with inf. in orat. obliq., when it represents the ind. of orat. recta,φαμὲν δέ οἱ οὐ τελέεσθαι Od.4.664
, cf. Il.17.174, 21.316, S.Ph. 1389, etc.;λέγοντες οὐκ εἶναι αὐτόνομοι Th.1.67
, cf. Pl.R. 348c, X.Cyr.1.6.18;οἶμαι.. οὐκ ὀλίγον ἔργον αὐτὸ εἶναι Pl.R. 369b
, cf. S.OT 1051, Th.1.71, etc.; ἡγήσαντο ἡμᾶς οὐ περιόψεσθαι ib.39. (For the occasional use of μή, v. μή B. 5c; sts. we have οὐ and μή in consecutive clauses,οἶμαι σοῦ κάκιον οὐδὲν ἂν τούτων κρατύνειν μηδ' ἐπιθύνειν χερί S.Ph. 1058s
q.;αὐτὸ ἡγοῦμαι οὐ διδακτὸν εἶναι μηδὲ.. παρασκευαστόν Pl.Prt. 319b
.)9 οὐ is used with the part., when it can be resolved into a finite sentence with οὐ, as after Verbs of knowing and showing, ; . 3; , etc.; or into a causal sentence,τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ διεφθάρησαν νέειν οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι Hdt.8.89
;τὴν Μένδην πόλιν ἅτε οὐκ ἀπὸ ξυμβάσεως ἀνοιχθεῖσαν διήρπασαν Th.4.130
; or into a concessive sentence, , cf. S.Ph. 377, etc.: regularly with ὡς and part., , etc.;ἐθορυβεῖτε ὡς οὐ ποιήσοντες ταῦτα Lys.12.73
, cf. S.Ph. 884, Aj. 682, Hdt.7.99, Th.1.2,5,28,68,90; , cf. Th.8.1, Isoc.4.11:—for exceptions, v. μή B. 6.b when the part. is used with the Art., μή is generally used, unless there is a distinct reference to a fact, when οὐ is occasionally found,ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι [πόλεως] ὁρμώμενοι Th.1.74
;τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει οὐδὲν εἰδότας Id.4.111
;οἱ οὐκ ἐθέλοντες Antipho 6.26
;τῶν οὐ βουλομένων And.1.9
; , cf. τὸν οὐδὲ συμπενθῆσαι τὰς τῆς πατρίδος συμφορὰς τολμήσαντα (preceded by τὸν.. μήτε ὅπλα θέμενον ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος μήτε τὸ σῶμα παρασχόντα κτλ.) Lycurg.43;τὸ οὐχ εὑρημένον Pl.R. 427e
.10 Adjectives and abstract Substantives with the article commonly take μή (v.μή B. 7
) but οὐ is occasionally used,τὰς οὐκ ἀναγκαίας πόσεις X.Lac.5.4
;τοὺς οὐδένας E.IA 371
; (whereas ὁ μηδείς, τὸ μηδέν is the rule); τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the non- dissolution of the bridges, the fact of their notbeing broken up, Th.1.137;ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις Id.3.95
;ἡ τῶν χωρίων οὐκ ἀπόδοσις Id.5.35
, cf.E. Hipp. 196 (anap.); so without the article,ἐν οὐ καιπῷ Id.Ba. 1287
; οὐ πάλης ὕπο ib. 455.12 in questions οὐ ordinarily expects a positive answer, οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι ..; Il.10.165; οὐχ ὁράᾳς ..; dost thou not see? Od.17.545;οὐκ.. ᾐσθόμην
;A.
Pr. 956: so as a strong form of imper., ;E.
Ion 524; ;Din.
1.18; ;Ar.
Ach. 484; βάλλε, βάλλε folld. by οὐ βαλεῖς; οὐ βαλεῖς; ib. 281 and 283, cf. S.Ant. 885: also with opt. and ἄν, οὐκ ἂν δὴ τόνδ' ἄνδρα μάχης ἐρύσαιο ( = ἔρυσαι) ; Il.5.456; οὐκ ἂν φράσειας ( = φράσον) ; S.Ph. 1222; but in questions introduced by οὐ δή, οὐ δή του, οὔ που, οὔ τί που, a doubt is implied of the statement involved, and an appeal is made to the hearers, οὐ δή ποθ' ἡμῖν ξυγγενὴς ἥκεις ποθέν; surely you are not..? Id.El. 1202, cf. Ph. 900; οὔ τί που οὗτος Ἀπόλλων ..; Pi.P.4.87, cf. S.Ph. 1233, E.IA 670, Hel. 135, Ion 1113, Ar.Ra. 522, 526.B POSITION. οὐ is generally put immediately before the word which it negatives,οὐκ ἐκεῖνον ἐθεώμην.—ἀλλὰ τίνα μήν ; ἔφη ὁ Τιγράνης X.Cyr.3.1.41
; ;οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀκοντίζειν οὐκ ἔβαλον αὐτὸν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μηδενὶ ὑπὸ τὸ ἀκόντιον ὑπελθεῖν Antipho 3.4.6
: in Poetry the position is freq. more free,κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει Pi.O.1.81
; οὐ ψεύδεϊ τέγξω λόγον ib. 4.19; κατακρύπτει δ' οὐ κόνις ib.8.79;χρὴ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Id.P. 2.88
: sts. emphatically at the end of the clause,καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ' ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ Id.O.7.48
;ταρβήσει γὰρ οὔ S.Aj. 545
: in clauses opposed by μέν and δέ the οὐ (or μή) is freq. placed at the end,βούλονται μέν, δύνανται δ' οὔ Th.6.38
;οὗτος δ' ἦν καλὸς μέν, μέγας δ' οὔ X.An.4.4.3
;ἔδοξέ μοι ὁ ἀνὴρ δοκεῖν μὲν εἶναι σοφὸς.., εἶναι δ' οὔ Pl.Ap. 21c
; soτὸ Πέρσας μὲν λέληθε, ἡμέας μέντοι οὔ Hdt.1.139
: freq. withὁ μὲν.. ὁ δέ, οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μέν, τὰς δ' οὔ Pl.Cri. 47a
, cf. Ap. 24e, R. 475b, etc.;Λέριοι κακοί, οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ' οὔ Phoc.1
: sts. in the first clause afterμέν, οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ ἐξῆγον μὲν οὔ, συνεκάλεσαν δέ X.An.6.4.20
, cf. 4.8.2, Cyr.1.4.10, Pl.Phd. 73b;κατώρα πᾶν μὲν οὒ τὸ στρατόπεδον Hdt.7.208
.C ACCUMULATION. A simple neg. (οὐ or μή) is freq. repeated in composition with Prons., Advbs., or Conjs., as οὐδείς or μηδείς, οὐδέ or μηδέ, οὐδαμῶς or μηδαμῶς, first in Hom., ;ἀλλ' οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος 6.450
; : the first neg. may be a compd.,καθεύδων οὐδεὶς οὐδενὸς ἄξιος οὐδὲν μᾶλλον τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος Pl. Lg. 808b
; (similarly with μή, Phdr. 236e): or a neg. Adj., ; οὐ follows the compd. neg.,οὐδ' εἰ πάντες ἔλθοιεν Πέρσαι, πλήθει γε οὐχ ὑπερβαλοίμεθ' ἂν τοὺς πολεμίους X. Cyr.2.1.8
; οὐδ' ἂν ἡ πόλις ἄρα ([etym.] ὅπερ ἄρτι ἐλέγομεν )ὅλη τοιοῦτον ποιῇ, οὐκ ἐπαινέσῃ Pl.R. 426b
, cf. Smp. 204a: sts. a confirmative Particle accompanies the first οὐ or οὐδέ, and the neg. is repeated with emphasis,οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδέ μ' ἔασκες Il.19.295
;οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱὸς.. δὴν ἧν 6.130
, v. οὐδέ C. 11; : so also in Trag. and [dialect] Att. without any such Particle, οὐ σμικρός, οὔχ, ἁγὼν ὅδε not small, no, is this struggle, S.OC 587;θεοῖς τέθνηκεν οὗτος, οὐ κείνοισιν, οὔ Id.Aj. 970
, cf.Ar.Ra.28, 1308, X.Smp. 2.4, Pl.R. 390c.2 when the compd. neg. precedes and the simple neg. follows with the Verb, the opposing negs. produce an emphatic positive, οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων ἀδικῶν τίσιν οὐκ ἀποτείσει Orac. ap. Hdt.5.56; (but prob. f.l.);οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἔπασχέ τι X.Smp.1.9
.3 similarly each of two simple negs. may retain its negating force,ὥσπερ οὐ διὰ πρᾳότητα καὶ ἀσχολίαν τὴν ὑμετέραν οὐ δεδωκὼς ὑμῖν δίκην Lys.6.34
;ἐγὼ δ' οὐκ οἶμαι.. οὐ δεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀμύνεσθαι Id.13.52
(similarly with μή, D.19.77): sts. a combination of a μέν- clause with a δέ- clause containing οὐ is negatived as a whole by a preceding οὐ, e.g.οὐ γὰρ δήπου Κτησιφῶντα μὲν δύναται διώκειν δι' ἐμέ, ἐμὲ δέ, εἴπερ ἐξελέγξειν ἐνόμιζεν, αὐτὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐγράψατο Id.18.13
.D PLEONASM OF οὐ: after Verbs of denying, doubting, and disputing, folld. by ὡς or ὅτι with a finite Verb, οὐ is inserted to show the neg. character of the statement, where in Engl. the neg. is not required, , cf. Th.1.77, X.HG2.3.16, Smp.2.12, Isoc.5.57, etc.;οὐδεὶς ἂν τολμήσειεν ἀντειπεῖν ὡς οὐ τὴν μὲν ἐμπειρίαν μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων ἔχομεν Id.6.48
, cf. And.4.34, D.16.4, etc.; ;ἀρνεῖσθαι ὅτι οὐ παρῆν X.Ath.2.17
; οὐδ' αὐτὸς ὁ Λάμπις ἔξαρνος ἐγένετο ὡς οὐκ εἴη εἰρηκὼς κτλ. D.34.49;ἀμφισβητεῖν ὡς οὐχὶ.. δοτέον δίκην Pl.Euthphr.8c
, cf. R. 476d, Prm. 135a; ἀπιστεῖν ὅτι οὐ .. Id.Men. 89d;ἀνέλπιστον καταστῆσαί τισιν ὡς οὐκ ἔσται μεταγνῶναι Th. 3.46
: οὐ is sts. thus used in the second member of a negative comparative sentence,ἥκει ὁ Πέρσης οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ' ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ' ὑμέας Hdt.4.118
, cf. 5.94, 7.16.γ, Th.2.62,3.36: after πλήν, X.Lac. 15.6, D.18.45.E OMISSION OF οὐ: οὐ is sts. omitted, esp. by Poets, when it may be supplied from the next clause, ;σιδήρῳ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν Hdt.1.215
;ῥοδιακὴ οὖς οὐδὲ πυθμένα οὐκ ἔχουσα Inscr.Délos 313a84
(iii B. C.).F in Poetry, if ἤ stands before οὐ, the two sounds coalesce into one syllable, as inἦ οὐχ Il.5.349
, cf. Od.1.298; so, in [dialect] Att., , etc., and ἐγὼ οὔτε ib. 332, .—This synizesis is general in [dialect] Ep., universal in [dialect] Att.G FORM. οὐ is used before consonants (including the digamma, e.g. before ἕθεν, οἱ, e(, Il.1.114, 2.392, 24.214, but not before ὅς Possess.,οὐχ ᾧ πατρί Od.13.265
, cf.οὐκ ἐπέεσσι Il.15.162
, etc.); οὐκ before vowels with spir. lenis, οὐχ before vowels with spir. asper; in our text of Hdt. οὐκ is used before all vowels (prob. because Hdt. had no spir. asper): the [dialect] Ep. form οὐκί [ῐ] is used by Hom. mostly at the end of a clause and at the close of the verse,ὅς τ' αἴτιος ὅς τε καὶ οὐκί Il.15.137
;ἠὲ καὶ οὐκί 2.238
, 300,al.; but in the middle of a verse, 20.255; οὐχί [ῐ] is found twice in Hom., Il.15.716, 16.762, and is common in Trag., where it is freq. employed like οὔ emphatic (supr. B), ;A.
Ag. 273,Fr. 310; ;Id.
Supp. 918, Ar. Pax 1027;ἐμὸς μὲν οὐχί E.IA 859
: also in Prose, Th.1.120,al., 1 Ep.Cor. 5.12, etc.: the diphthong is genuine and always written ου ( ουκ, ουδε, etc.) in early Inscrr., IG12.10.22, etc.; in iv B.C. rarely written οκ, ib. 22.1635.112,116,121; οὐ abbreviated ο, Suid.s.v. Φιλοξένου γραμμάτιον.H ACCENTUATION. οὐ is oxytone acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.494 (text doubtfulin 504): Arist.SE 166b6, referring to Il.23.328 τὸ μὲν ου (i.e. οὐ = οὒ) καταπύθεται ὄμβρῳ, says λύουσι.. τῇ προσῳδίᾳ λέγοντες τὸ ου ὀξύτερον (i.e. οὗ), cf. 178b3. In codd. the word is written oxytone when folld. by a pause (v. supr. B), and is usu. written without any accent in other cases.I οὐ in connexion with other Particles will be found in alphabetical order, οὐ γάρ, οὐ μή, etc.—The corresponding forms of μή should be compared. -
8 ὡς
ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, likeⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.ⓑ special usesα. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.α. a substantiveא. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.ⓓ other noteworthy usesα. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, asⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or roleα. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order toⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M. -
9 καί
καί particle,1 and, also, even A copulative.1 joining finite verbs,a with change of subject.ἦ θαύματα πολλά, καί πού τι καὶ ἐξαπατῶντι μῦθοι O. 1.28
, O. 3.21, O. 9.38, O. 10.41, O. 10.72, P. 1.5, P. 1.42, P. 3.35, P. 3.93, P. 3.94, P. 4.124, P. 4.164, P. 4.220, P. 4.247, P. 4.254, P. 4.257, P. 6.53, P. 9.40, P. 9.52, N. 5.18, N. 5.21, N. 6.53, N. 7.65, N. 10.10, N. 11.8, I. 3.17, I. 4.13, I. 4.34, I. 4.67, I. 5.48, I. 6.53, I. 8.47, fr. 51b. Pae. 2.53b with no change of subject.διεδάσαντο καὶ φάγον O. 1.51
, O. 5.8, O. 7.46, O. 10.49, O. 13.27, O. 13.69, O. 13.112, P. 3.15, P. 3.68, P. 4.254, P. 4.298, P. 9.12, P. 10.46, N. 1.64, N. 3.26, N. 3.38, N. 4.61, N. 5.39, N. 6.19, N. 6.49, N. 9.18, N. 10.22, N. 10.74, N. 10.80, I. 2.19, I. 5.63, I. 6.70, Πα. 2. 1, Εὔ]βοιαν ἕλον καὶ ἔνασσαν καὶ ἔκτισαν νάσους Πα.. 3. Πα. 8A. 13. Δ. 2. 30, fr. 169. 23, fr. 169. 47.c in subord. cl.,ὡς ἂν κτίσαιεν βωμὸν ἐναργέα καὶ ἰάναιεν O. 7.42
πρὶν μίχθη καὶ ἔνεικεν O. 9.59
κατέφρασεν ὁπᾷ ἔθυε καὶ ὅπως ἄρα ἔστασεν O. 10.57
ὃς ἂν ἐγκύρσῃ καὶ ἕλῃ P. 1.100
θεός, ὃ καὶ κίχε καὶ παραμείβεται καὶ ἔκαμψε P. 2.50
εἰ δὲ σώφρων ἄντρον ἔναἰ ἔτι Χίρων, καί τί οἱ φίλτρον ἐν θυμῷ μελιγάρυες ὕμνοι ἁμέτεροι τίθεν P. 3.63
P. 9.46—9.ὃς ἂν ἕλῃ καὶ ἴδῃ P. 10.25
, N. 3.34ὄφρα προσμένοι καὶ πάξαιθ N. 3.61
αἰδέομαι μέγα εἰπεῖν πῶς δὴ λίπον εὐκλέα νᾶσον, καὶ τίς ἄνδρας ἀλκίμους δαίμων ἀπ' Οἰνώνας ἔλασεν N. 5.15
Pae. 6.50 irregularly coordinated;φάνη Ζηνὸς ἀμφὶ πανάγυριν Λυκαίου καὶ ὁπότ' Πελλάνᾳ φέρε O. 9.97
εὐθύ-γλωσσος ἀνὴρ προφέρει παρὰ τυραννίδι χὠπόταν ὁ λάβρος στρατός, χὤταν πόλιν οἱ σοφοὶ τηρέωντι P. 2.87
—8.νᾶσον ὡς ἤδη λιπὼν κτίσσειεν εὐάρματον πόλιν καὶ τὸ Μηδείας ἔπος ἀγκομίσαι P. 4.9
πύκταν τέ νιν καὶ παγκρατίῳ φθέγξαι ἑλεῖν N. 5.52
d introducing question.ἐπεὶ ψάμμος ἀριθμὸν περιπέφευγεν, καὶ κεῖνος ὅσα χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν, τίς ἂν φράσαι δύναιτο O. 2.99
“ καὶ τίς ἀνθρώπων σε ἐξανῆκεν γαστρός;” P. 4.982 joining grammatically similar words.a two nouns.Παλλὰς καὶ Ζεὺς O. 2.27
ὅρμοισι τῶν χέρας ἀναπλέκοντι καὶ στεφάνους O. 2.74
κρίσιν καὶ πενταετηρίδ O. 3.21
Ἀρκαδίας ἀπὸ δειρᾶν καὶ πολυγνάμπτων μυχῶν O. 3.27
χεῖρες δὲ καὶ ἦτορ O. 4.25
ἀρετᾶν καὶ στεφάνων O. 5.1
Ἄκρων' ἐκάρυξε καὶ τὰν νέοικον ἕδραν O. 5.8
Οἰνομάου καὶ Πέλοπος O. 5.9
Ποσειδᾶν' καὶ τοξοφόρον σκοπόν O. 6.59
παρ' Ἀλφειῷ καὶ παρὰ Κασταλίᾳ O. 7.17
Οὐρανὸς καὶ Γαῖα μάτηρ O. 7.38
ἀρετὰν καὶ χάρματ O. 7.44
τά τ' ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ἔργα καὶ Θήβαις O. 7.84
κῶμον καὶ στεφαναφορίαν O. 8.10
ἓ καὶ υἱὸν O. 9.14
κορᾶν καὶ φερτάτων Κρονιδᾶν O. 9.56
τόλμα δὲ καὶ ἀμφιλαφὴς δύναμις O. 9.82
σὺ καὶ θυγάτηρ O. 10.3
Καλλιόπα καὶ χάλκεος Ἄρης O. 10.15
βροντὰν καὶ πυρπάλαμον βέλος O. 10.80
ἀρχὰ λόγων καὶ πιστὸν ὅρκιον O. 11.6
Ὀλυμπίᾳ στεφανωσάμενος καὶ δὶς ἐκ Πυθῶνος Ἰσθμοῖ τε O. 12.18
κασίγνηταί τε Δίκα καὶ ὁμότροφος Εἰρήνα O. 13.7
Σίσυφον καὶ τὰν Μήδειαν O. 13.53
ναὶ καὶ προπόλοις O. 13.54
παρ' ὅρκον καὶ παρὰ ἐλπίδα O. 13.83
αἰδῶ δίδοι καὶ τύχαν O. 13.115
Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Μοισᾶν P. 1.1
κορυφαῖς καὶ πέδῳ P. 1.28
ὄλβον καὶ κτεάνων δόσιν P. 1.46
ἀστοῖς καὶ βασιλεῦσιν P. 1.68
κύριε πολλᾶν μὲν εὐστεφάνων ἀγυιᾶν καὶ στρατοῦ P. 2.58
ἐν ὄρει καὶ ἐν ἑπταπύλοις Θήβαις P. 3.90
Νέστορα καὶΛύκιον Σαρπηδόν P. 3.112
ἀπὸ δ' αὐτὸν ἐγὼ Μοίσαισι δώσω καὶ τὸ πάγχρυσον νάκος κριοῦ P. 4.68
“Ἰφιμεδείας παῖδας, ὦτον καὶ σέ” P. 4.89 “ πὰρ Χαρικλοῦς καὶ Φιλύρας” P. 4.103 “ λαγέτᾳ Αἰόλῳ καὶ παισὶ” P. 4.108Ἄδματος καὶ Μέλαμπος P. 4.126
ὀρνίχεσσι καὶ κλάροισι P. 4.190
ἀγέλα ταύρων ὑπᾶρχεν καὶ νεόκτιστον θέναρ P. 4.206
ἄροτρον καὶ βόας P. 4.225
Κυράνα καὶ τὸ κλεεννότατον μέγαρον Βάττου P. 4.280
πεδίον καὶ πατρωίαν πόλιν P. 5.53
ἄνδρεσσι καὶ γυναιξὶ P. 5.64
νικαφόροις ἐν ἀέθλοις καὶ θοαῖς ἐν μάχαις P. 8.26
γείτων καὶ κτεάνων φύλαξ ἐμῶν P. 8.58
λαμπρὸν φέγγος καὶ μείλιχος αἰών P. 8.97
“ θυμὸν γυναικὸς καὶ μεγάλαν δύνασιν” P. 9.30 “ τέλος οἶσθα καὶ πάσας κελεύθους” P. 9.45 “ ἐν θαλάσσᾳ καὶ ποταμοῖς” P. 9.47 ὥραισι καὶ Γαίᾳ” P. 9.60 “ νέκταρ καὶ ἀμβροσίαν” P. 9.63 “ Ζῆνα καὶ ἁγνὸν Ἀπόλλων' Ἀγρέα καὶ Νόμιον” P. 9.64—5.οἱ καὶ Ζηνὶ P. 9.84
νιν καὶ Ἰφικλέα P. 9.88
δίκον φύλλ' ἔπι καὶ στεφάνους P. 9.124
πόνων δὲ καὶ μαχᾶν ἄτερ P. 10.42
χαλκοῦ θαμὰ καὶ δονάκων P. 12.25
οἱ φράζε καὶ παντὶ στρατῷ N. 1.61
Ἰάσον' καὶ ἔπειτεν Ἀσκλαπιόν N. 3.54
τάνδε νᾶσον καὶ σεμνὸν Θεάριον N. 3.69
δῶρα καὶ κράτος N. 4.68
ἐκ δὲ Κρόνου καὶ Ζηνὸς ἥρωας αἰχματὰς φυτευθέντας καὶ ἀπὸ χρυσεᾶν Νηρηίδων N. 5.7
υἱοὶ καὶ βία Φώκου N. 5.12
ἀοιδαὶ καὶ λόγοι N. 6.30
αὐχένα καὶ σθένος (v. Dornseiff, Stil, 26) N. 7.73χειρὶ καὶ βουλαῖς N. 8.8
Δείνιος δισσῶν σταδίων καὶ πατρὸς Μέγα Νεμεαῖον ἄγαλμα N. 8.16
ματέρι καὶ διδύμοις παίδεσσιν N. 9.4
φεῦγε γὰρ Ἀμφιαρῆ ποτε θρασυμήδεα καὶ δεινὰν στάσιν N. 9.13
χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ N. 9.39
Κάστορος καὶ κασιγνήτου Πολυδεύκεος N. 10.50
Ἑρμᾷ καὶ σὺν Ἡρακλεῖ N. 10.53
Ζηνὸς ὑψίστου κασιγνήτα καὶ ὁμοθρόνου Ἥρας N. 11.2
λύρα καὶ ἀοιδά N. 11.7
πάλᾳ καὶμεγαυχεῖ παγκρατίῳ N. 11.21
ἐν Πυθῶνι καὶ Ὀλυμπίᾳ N. 11.23
παρὰ Κασταλίᾳ καὶ παρ' εὐδένδρῳ ὄχθῳ Κρόνου N. 11.25
πολιατᾶν καὶ ξένων I. 1.51
Ὀγχηστὸν καὶ γέφυραν I. 4.20
χρυσέων οἴκων ἄναξ καὶ γαμβρὸς Ἥρας I. 4.60
δαῖτα καὶ νεόδματα στεφανώματα βωμῶν I. 4.62
νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ λτ;ὑφγτ;ἅρμασιν ἵπποι I. 5.5
ἑσπόμενοι Ἡρακλῆι πρότερον καὶ σὺν Ἀτρείδαις I. 5.38
Ἕκτορα καὶ στράταρχον Μέμνονα I. 5.40
Αἴαντος Τελαμωνιάδα καὶ πατρός I. 6.27
Μερόπων ἔθνεα καὶ τὸν βουβόταν Ἀλκυονῆ I. 6.32
“χθόνα καὶ στρατὸν ἀθρόον Pae. 4.42
ἐμὰν ματέραλιπόντες καὶ ὅλον οἶκον Pae. 4.45
στεφάνων καὶ θαλιᾶν Pae. 6.14
νέφεσσι δ' ἐν χρυσέοις Ὀλύμποιο καὶ κορυφαῖσινἵζων Pae. 6.93
ναυπρύτανιν δαίμονα καὶ τὰν θεμίξενον ἀρετάν Pae. 6.131
Ἁφαίστου παλάμαις καὶ Ἀθά[νας] Pae. 8.66
Κάδμου στρατὸν καὶ Ζεάθου πόλιν (Π: ἂν pro καὶ coni. Wil. metr. gr.) Πα... φυγόντα νιν καὶ μέλαν ἕρκος ἅλμας[ Δ. 1. 1. ἐπ' Αἰολάδᾳ καὶ γένει (G-H: τε καὶ Π.) Παρθ. 1. 13. ὦ Πάν, Ἀρκαδίας μεδέων καὶ σεμνῶν ἀδύτων φύλαξ fr. 95. 2. θυμὸν καὶ φωνὰν fr. 124d. βασιλῆες ἀγαυοὶ καὶ ἄνδρες fr. 133. 4. ]ἀοιδ[ὰν κ]αὶ ἁρμονίαν fr. 140b. 2. θεῶν καὶ κατ' ἀνθρώπων ἀγυιάς fr. 194. 6. τιμαὶ καὶ στέφανοι fr. 221. 2. Ζηνὸς υἱοὶ καὶ κλυτοπώλου Ποσειδάωνος fr. 243.b two adjs.ξανθαῖσι καὶ παμπορφύροις ἀκτῖσι βεβρεγμένος O. 6.55
πολύβοσκον γαῖαν ἀνθρώποισι καὶ εὔφρονα μήλοις O. 7.63
ἀγαθοὶ δὲ καὶ σοφοὶ O. 9.28
ὡραῖος ἐὼν καὶ καλὸς O. 9.94
[ ἀκρόσοφον δὲ καὶ αἰχματὰν (v. l. τε καὶ) O. 11.19]κλυτὰν καὶ ὀνυμαστάν P. 1.38
πολυμήλου καὶ πολυκαρποτάτας χθονὸς P. 9.7
εὐδαίμων δὲ καὶ ὑμνητὸς P. 10.22
γέρας τό περ νῦν καὶ ἄρειον ὄπιθεν N. 7.101
ἄνιππός εἰμι καὶ βουνομίας ἀδαέστερος Pae. 4.27
esp., two numerals,πρώτοις καὶ τερτάτοις O. 8.46
ἑβδόμᾳ καὶ σὺν δεκάτᾳ γενεᾷ P. 4.10
τεσσαράκοντα καὶὀκτὼ παρθένοισι P. 9.113
τρεῖς καὶ δέκ' ἄνδρας fr. 135.c two participles.ἐξαρκέων κτεάτεσσι καὶ εὐλογίαν προστιθείς O. 5.24
ἀποπέμπων καὶ ἐποψόμενος O. 8.52
δεξάμενον καὶ δαίσαντα N. 1.71
θνατὰ μεμνάσθω περιστέλλων μέλη καὶ γᾶν ἐπιεσσόμενος N. 11.16
cf. O. 6.20d two infinitives. “ μοναρχεῖν καὶ βασιλευέμεν” P. 4.166 “ χέρα οἱ προσενεγκεῖν ἦρα καὶ ἐκ λεχέων κεῖραι μελιαδέα ποίαν;” P. 9.37.ἐπαινεῖσθαι χρεών, καὶ μελιζέμεν N. 11.18
κελαδῆσαι καὶ προσειπεῖν I. 1.55
e two pronouns. “ ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ” P. 4.141ὄλβος ἔμπαν τὰ καὶ τὰ νέμων P. 5.55
εὐδαιμονίαν τὰ καὶ τὰ φέρεσθαι P. 7.21
f two adverbs.πολὺ καὶ πολλᾷ O. 8.23
3 in enumeration.a A καὶ B καὶ C ( καί...)λτ;γτ;άνθον ἤπειγεν καὶ Ἀμαζόνας εὐίππους καὶ ἐς Ἴστρον ἐλαύνων O. 8.47
νόστον ἔχθιστον καὶ ἀτιμότεραν γλῶσσαν καὶ ἐπίκρυφον οἶμον O. 8.69
πατρὸς ἀρχὰν καὶ βαθὺν κλᾶρον ἔμμεν καὶ μέγαρον O. 13.62
γυναικεῖον στρατὸν καὶ Χίμαιραν καὶ Σολύμους ἔπεφνεν O. 13.90
Τροίαν κραταιὸς Τελαμὼν πόρθησε καὶ Μέροπας καὶ τὸν μέγαν Ἀλκυονῆ N. 4.25
—7.χαλκὸν ὅν τε Κλείτωρ καὶ Τεγέα καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ὑψίβατοι πόλιες καὶ Λύκαιον πὰρ Διὸς θῆκε δρόμῳ N. 10.47
—8.ἐξικέσθαν καὶ μέγα ἔργον ἐμήσαντ' ὠκέως καὶ πάθον N. 10.64
ἐπῇεν καὶ ἔστα καὶ μυχοὺς διζάσατο fr. 51a. 3. τὸ δ' οἴκοθεν ἄστυ κα[ὶ ] καὶ συγγένεἰ Πα.. 32. ὦ ταὶ λιπαραὶ καὶ ἰοστέφανοι καὶ ἀοίδιμοι Ἀθᾶναι fr. 76. 1. φοινικορόδοις δ' ἐνὶ λειμώνεσσι προάστιον αὐτῶν καὶ λιβάνῳ σκιαρὰν καὶ χρυσοκάρποισιν βέβριθε λτ;δενδρέοιςγτ; καὶ τοὶ μὲν Θρ.. 3. ἔνθα βουλαὶ γερόντων καὶ νέων ἀνδρῶν ἀριστεύοισιν αἰχμαί, καὶ χοροὶ καὶ Μοῖσα καὶ Ἀγλαία fr. 199.b A καὶ B C τε ( καί...)Λύκιε καὶ Δάλοἰ ἀνάσσων, Φοῖβε, Παρνασσοῦ τε κράναν Κασταλίαν φιλέων P. 1.39
καὶ σοφοὶ καὶ χερσὶ βιαταὶ περίγλωσσοί τ' ἔφυν P. 1.42
Ἰόλαον καὶ Κάστορος βίαν, σέ τε, ἄναξ Πολύδευκες P. 11.61
ἄνδρα δ' ἐγὼ μακαρίζω μὲν πατέῤ Ἀρκεσίλαν καὶ τὸ θαητὸν δέμας ἀτρεμίαν τε σύγγονον N. 11.12
τριπόδεσσιν ἐκόσμησαν δόμον καὶ λεβήτεσσιν φιάλαισί τε χρυσοῦ I. 1.18
πόλιν τάνδε κόμιζε Δὶ καὶ κρέοντι σὺν Αἰακῷ Πηλεῖ τε κἀγαθῷ Τελαμῶνι σύν τ' Ἀχιλλεῖ P. 8.99
—100.4 καί καί, both — andκαὶ ποτ' ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων O. 7.90
καὶ ἀγάνορος ἵππου θᾶσσον καὶ ναὸς ὑποπτέρου O. 9.23
καὶ λογίοις καὶ ἀοιδοῖς P. 1.94
“ ἀλλὰ καὶ σκᾶπτον μόναρχον καὶ θρόνος” P. 4.152κόρον δ' ἔχει καὶ μέλι καὶ τὰ τέρπν ἄνθἐ Ἀφροδίσια N. 7.53
καὶ τὸν ἀκερσεκόμαν Φοῖβον χορεύων καὶ τὰν ἁλιερκέα Ἰσθμοῦ δειράδ I. 1.7
καὶ πάγκαρπον ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ διὰ πόντον βέβακεν ἐργμάτων ἀκτὶς I. 1.41
μυρίαι δ' ἔργων καλῶν τέτμανθ κέλευθοι καὶ πέραν Νείλοιο παγᾶν καὶ δἰ Ὑπερβορέους I. 6.23
εἴη καὶ ἐρᾶν καὶ ἔρωτι χαρίζεσθαι κατὰ καιρόν fr. 127. 1. with irregular coordination,καὶ τὰν παρ' ὅρκον καὶ παρὰ ἐλπίδα κούφαν κτίσιν O. 13.83
καὶ τὸν Ἰσθμοῖ καὶ Νεμέᾳ στέφανον (sc. ἐκράτησε) N. 10.26 in comparison,πειρῶντι δὲ καὶ χρυσὸς ἐν βασάνῳ πρέπει καὶ νόος ὀρθός P. 10.67
5 with intensifying force.οὔτε δύσηρις ἐὼν οὔτ' ὦν φιλόνικος ἄγαν, καὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμόσσαις, τοῦτό γέ οἱ μαρτυρήσω O. 6.20
τέκεν γόνον ὑπερφίαλον μόνα καὶ μόνον P. 2.43
“τοῦτον ἄεθλον ἑκὼν τέλεσον· καί τοι μοναρχεῖν καὶ βασιλευέμεν ὄμνυμι προήσειν” conditional parataxis P. 4.1656 v. E infra for exx. of καὶ irregularly placed. B copulative, combined with τε, where τε is superfluous.1Πίσας τε καὶ Φερενίκου χάρις O. 1.18
τρεῖς τε καὶ δέκ' ἄνδρας O. 1.79
ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν O. 2.16
εὐθυμιᾶν τε μέτα καὶ πόνων O. 2.34
πλοῦτόν τε καὶ χάριν ἄγων O. 2.10
τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρὸν O. 2.53
Πηλεύς τε καὶ Κάδμος O. 2.78
ἀνδρῶν τ' ἀρετᾶς πέρι καὶ διφρηλασίας O. 3.37
αὐτόν τέ νιν καὶ φαιδίμας ἵππους O. 6.14
Συρακοσσᾶν τε καὶ Ὀρτυγίας O. 6.93
Ζεύς τε καὶ ἀθάνατοι O. 7.55
μήλων τε κνισάεσσα πομπὰ καὶ κρίσις O. 7.80
αὐτούς τ' ἀέξοι καὶ πόλιν O. 8.88
μορφᾷ τε καὶ ἔργοισι O. 9.65
τά λτ;τεγτ; τερπνὰ καὶ τὰ γλυκέα (supp. Hermann, met. gr.: om. codd., Schr.) O. 14.5γᾶν τε καὶ πόντον κατ' ἀμαιμάκετον P. 1.14
κτεάτεσσί τε καὶ περὶ τιμᾷ P. 2.59
“ παῖδες ὑπερθύμων τε φωτῶν καὶ θεῶν” P. 4.13 “ Κρηθεῖ τε μάτηρ καὶ Σαλμωνεῖ” P. 4.142ἀνέρες ἔκ τε Πύλου καὶ ἀπ' ἄκρας Ταινάρου P. 4.174
θεός τέ οἱ τὸ νῦν τε πρόφρων τελεῖ δύνασιν καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν P. 5.117
βουλᾶν τε καὶ πολέμων P. 8.3
ἔρξαι τε καὶ παθεῖν ὁμῶς P. 8.6
λύρᾳ τε καὶ φθέγματι μαλθακῷ P. 8.31
πολλάν τε καὶ ἡσύχιον εἰρήναν P. 9.22
“ ἔν τε θεοῖς κἀνθρώποις” P. 9.40τόλμᾳ τε καὶ σθένει P. 10.24
εὐφροσύνα τε καὶ δόξ' ἐπιφλέγει P. 11.45
τῶν τε καὶ τῶν χρήσιες N. 1.30
εὖ τε παθεῖν καὶ ἀκοῦσαι N. 1.32
λῆμά τε καὶ δύναμιν N. 1.57
Ἄρτεμίς τε καὶ θρασεἶ Ἀθάνα N. 3.50
Κλεωναίου τ' ἀπ ἀγῶνος καὶ λιπαρῶν εὐωνύμων ἀπ Ἀθανᾶν N. 4.18
Οἰνώνᾳ τε καὶ Κύπρῳ N. 4.46
εὔανδρόν τε καὶ ναυσικλυτὰν N. 5.9
ἐπί τε χθόνα καὶ διὰ θαλάσσας N. 6.48
σέ τ' καὶ Πολυτιμίδαν N. 6.62
χειρῶν τε καὶ ἰσχύος ἁνίοχον N. 6.66
φίλιπποί τ' αὐτόθι καὶ κτεάνων ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κρέσσονας ἄνδρες N. 9.32
γνώτ' ἀείδω θεῷ τε καὶ ὅστις ἁμιλλᾶται N. 10.31
Χαρίτεσσί τε καὶ σὺν Τυνδαρίδαις N. 10.38
Κορίνθου τ' ἐν μυχοῖς, καὶ Κλεωναίων πρὸς ἀνδρῶν τετράκις (loc. susp.) N. 10.42θάνατόν τε φυγὼν καὶ γῆρας ἀπεχθόμενον N. 10.83
ῥεέθροισί τε Δίρκας ἔφανεν καὶ παρ' Εὐρώτᾳ πέλας I. 1.29
κτεάνων θ' ἅμα λειφθεὶς καὶ φίλων I. 2.11
τῶν τε γὰρ καὶ τῶν διδοῖ I. 4.51
γαίας τε πάσας καὶ βαθύκρημνον πολιᾶς ἁλὸς ἐξευρὼν θέναρ I. 4.55
Ζεὺς τά τε καὶ τὰ νέμει I.5. 52.δαπάνᾳ τε χαρεὶς καὶ πόνῳ I. 6.10
ἀγλαοὶ παῖδές τε καὶ μάτρως I. 6.62
Ὕλλου τε καὶ Αἰγιμιοῦ I. 9.2
ὁ δ' ἐθέλων τε καὶ δυνάμενος fr. 2. 1. γᾶν τε καὶ θάλασσαν fr. 51a. 2.γαῖαν ἀμπελόεσσάν τε καὶ εὔκαρπον Pae. 2.25
τὸ δ' εὐβουλίᾳ τε καὶ αἰδοῖ ἐγκείμενον Pae. 2.51
Χαρίτεσσίν τε καὶ Ἀφροδίτᾳ Pae. 6.4
ὁ πάντα τοι τά τε καὶ τὰ τεύχων Pae. 6.132
μαντευμάτων τε θεσπεσίων δοτῆρα καὶ τελεσσιε[πῆ] θεοῦ ἄδυτον Pae. 7.2
σέ τε καὶ ῥαδ[ Πα. 7. d. 2.τά τ' ἐόντα τε κα[ὶ ] πρόσθεν γεγενημένα Pae. 8.83
ἔθηκας ἀμάχανον ἰσχύν τ ἀνδράσι καὶ σοφίας ὁδόν (Blass: πτανὸν ἀνδράσι codd. Dion. Hal.)Πα... Ἐλείθυιά τε καὶ Λάχεσις Pae. 12.17
τ]ριπόδεσσί τε καὶ θυσίαις fr. 59. 11. πρὶν μὲν ἕρπε σχοινοτένειά τ' ἀοιδὰ διθυράμβων καὶ τὸ σὰν κίβδηλον Δ. 2. 2. βαθύζωνόν τε Λατὼ καὶ θοᾶν ἵππων ἐλάτειραν fr. 89a. 2. Πειθώ τ' ἔναιεν καὶ Χάρις fr. 123. 14. Ἀπόλλωνί τε καὶ[ fr. 140b. 10. ] ραί τε καὶ υ[ fr. 215. 9. τόλμα τέ μιν ζαμενὴς καὶ σύνεσις fr. 231. emphasised, both — and, ξένον μή τιν' ἀμφότερα καλῶν τε ἴδριν ἅμα καὶ δύναμιν κυριώτερον ( ἀλλὰ coni. Hermann) O. 1.104ἀμφότερον μάντιν τ' ἀγαθὸν καὶ δουρὶ μάρνασθαι O. 6.17
ἀμφότερον δαπάναις τε καὶ πόνοις I. 1.42
once joining finite verbs,ἔν τ' ἀέθλοισι θίγον πλείστων ἀγώνων, καὶ τριπόδεσσιν ἐκόσμησαν δόμον I. 1.19
—20. irregularly coordinated,ἄγοντι δέ με νῖκαι, ὦ Μεγάκλεες, ὑμαί τε καὶ προγόνων P. 7.18
συμβαλεῖν μὰν εὐμαρὲς ἦν τό τε Πεισάνδρου πάλαι αἶμ' ἀπὸ Σπάρτας καὶ παῤ Ἰσμηνοῦ ῥοᾶν κεκραμένον ἐκ Μελανίπποιο μάτρωος N. 11.33
—6.οἶά τε χερσὶν ἀκοντίζοντες αἰχμαῖς καὶ λιθίνοις ὁπότ' ἐν δίσκοις ἵεν I. 1.24
—5.ζώων τ' ἀπὸ καὶ θάνων I. 7.30
Κλεάνδρῳ τις ἀνεγειρέτω κῶμον, Ἰσθμιάδος τε νίκας ἄποινα, καὶ Νεμέᾳ ἀέθλων ὅτι κράτος ἐξεῦρε I. 8.4
[ἀνατεί τε] καὶ ἀπριάτας ἔλασεν (H. J. Mette: ἀναιρεῖται καὶ codd. Aristidis contra metr.) fr. 169. 8. explicative / appositional, ἐγγυάσομαι ὔμμιν, ὦ Μοῖσαι, φυγόξεινον στρατὸν μήδ' ἀπείρατον καλῶν ἀκρόσοφόν τε καὶ αἰχματὰν ἀφίξεσθαι ( δὲ καὶ v. l.) O. 11.19 Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων fr. 169. 2. cf. P. 9.452 in enumeration.a A τε καὶ B Cτε φόρμιγγά τε ποικιλόγαρυν καὶ βοὰν αὐλῶν ἐπέων τε θέσιν O. 3.8
“ μῆλά τε γάρ τοι ἐγὼ καὶ βοῶν ξανθὰς ἀγέλας ἀφίημ' ἀγρούς τε πάντας” P. 4.148ἐν Ὀλυμπίοισί τε καὶ βαθυκόλπου Γᾶς ἀέθλοις ἔν τε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιχωρίοις P. 9.101
—2.ἀλλά με Πυθώ τε καὶ τὸ Πελινναῖον ἀπύει Ἀλεύα τε παῖδες P. 10.4
ἀλαλὰν Λυκίων τε προσμένοι καὶ Φρυγῶν Δαρδάνων τε N. 3.60
—1.τό μοι θέμεν Κρονίδᾳ τε Δὶ καὶ Νεμέᾳ Τιμασάρχου τε πάλᾳ ὕμνου προκώμιον εἴη N. 4.9
Οὐλυμπίᾳ τε καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ Νεμέᾳ τε N. 4.75
κεῖνοι γάρ τ' ἄνοσοι καὶ ἀγήραοι πόνων τ ἄπειροι fr. 143.b A τε καὶ B καὶ C ( καὶ...) “ὅσσα τε χθὼν ἠρινὰ φύλλ' ἀναπέμπει, χὠπόσαι ψάμαθοι κλονέονται χὤ τι μέλλει, χὠπόθεν ἔσσεται, εὖ καθορᾷς” P. 9.45 ἐν ξυνῷ κεν εἴη συμπόταισιν τε γλυκερὸν καὶ Διωνύσοιο καρπῷ καὶ κυλίκεσσιν Ἀθαναίαισι κέντρον fr. 124. 3. ἄστρα τε καὶ ποταμοὶ καὶ κύματα πόντου fr. 136.c μέν τε καί, v.μέν τε O. 4.14
C emphatic, non-copulative, v. also D. 1. infra.1 καί means even.καὶ ἄπιστον ἐμήσατο πιστὸν ἔμμεναι O. 1.31
ἴδε καὶ κείναν χθόνα O. 3.31
[ θαμὰ καὶ ( θαμάκι v. l.) O. 4.27]ἠὺ δ' ἔχοντες σοφοὶ καὶ πολίταις ἔδοξαν ἔμμεν O. 5.16
ὄφρα ἵκωμαι πρὸς ἀνδρῶν καὶ γένος O. 6.25
αἱ δὲ φρενῶν ταραχαὶ παρέπλαγξαν καὶ σοφόν O. 7.31
τεθμὸς δέ τις ἀθανάτων καὶ τάνδ' ἁλιερκέα χώραν παντοδαποῖσιν ὑπέστασε ξένοις O. 8.25
τράπε δὲ Κύκνεια μάχα καὶ ὑπέρβιον Ἡρακλέα O. 10.15
δάμασε καὶ κείνους. (Boeckh: κἀκείνους codd.) O. 10.30 ἤτοι καὶ τεά κεν ἀκλεὴς τιμὰ κατεφυλλορόησεν ποδῶν O. 12. 13.ἤτοι καὶ ὁ καρτερὸς ὁρμαίνων ἕλε Βελλεροφόντας O. 13.84
σὺν δὲ κείνῳ καί ποτ' Ἀμαζονίδων βάλλων γυναικεῖον στρατὸν O. 13.87
σὺν δ' ἀνάγκᾳ μιν φίλον καί τις ἐὼν μεγαλάνωρ ἔσανεν P. 1.52
εἴ τι καὶ φλαῦρον παραιθύσσει P. 1.87
ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται P. 3.54
ἔτραπεν καὶ κεῖνον (Boeckh: κἀκεῖνον codd.) P. 3.55ἐπὶ καὶ θανάτῳ P. 4.186
καὶ φθινόκαρπος ἐοῖσα διδοῖ ψᾶφον P. 4.265
ῥᾴδιον μὲν γὰρ πόλιν δεῖσαι καὶ ἀφαυροτέροις P. 4.272
αὔξεται καὶ Μοῖσα δἰ ἀγγελίας ὀρθᾶς P. 4.279
κεῖνόν γε καὶ βαρύκομποι λέοντες περὶ δείματι φύγον P. 5.57
κεῖνος αἰνεῖν καὶ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἔννεπεν P. 9.95
ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον P. 10.57
ἔμπα καἴπερ ἔχει βαθεῖα ποντιὰς ἅλμα μέσσον, ἀντίτειν' ἐπιβουλίᾳ (Christ: καίπερ codd.) N. 4.36κεῖνος καὶ Τελαμῶνος δάψεν υἱὸν N. 8.23
ἐπαοιδαῖς δ' ἀνὴρ νώδυνον καί τις κάματον θῆκεν where καί emphasizesκάματον N. 8.50
ἦν γε μὰν ἐπικώμιος ὕμνος δὴ πάλαι, καὶ πρὶν γενέσθαι τὰν Ἀδράστου τάν τε Καδμείων ἔριν N. 8.51
ἐν γὰρ δαιμονίοισι φόβοις φεύγοντι καὶ παῖδες θεῶν N. 9.27
καὶ θνατὸν οὕτως ἔθνος ἄγει μοῖρα N. 11.42
τὸ τεόν, χρύσασπι Θήβα, πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀσχολίας ὑπέρτερον θήσομαι I. 1.2
ἔστιν δ' ἀφάνεια τύχας καὶ μαρναμένων I. 4.31
ἰατὰ δ' ἐστὶ βροτοῖς σύν γ ἐλευθερίᾳ καὶ τά I. 8.15
ἐσλόν γε φῶτα καὶ φθίμενον ὕμνοις θεᾶν διδόμεν I. 8.60
ἤτοι καὶ ἐγὼ σκόπελον ναίων Pae. 4.21
εἰ καί τι Διωνύσου ἄρουρα φέρει, ἄνιππός εἰμι though Pae. 4.252 where καί means also.ἐν καὶ θαλάσσᾳ O. 2.28
Μοῖρ' θεόρτῳ σὺν ὄλβῳ ἐπί τι καὶ πῆμ ἄγει O. 2.37
ἐπὶ μὰν βαίνει τι καὶ λάθας ἀτέκμαρτα νέφος O. 7.45
Ἐρατιδᾶν τοι σὺν χαρίτεσσιν ἔχει θαλίας καὶ πόλις O. 7.94
ἐοικότα γὰρ καὶ τελευτᾷ φερτέρου νόστου τυχεῖν (v. l. ἐν καὶ: κἀν Mosch.) P. 1.35Μοῖσα, καὶ πὰρ Δεινομένει κελαδῆσαι πίθεό μοι P. 1.58
ποτὶ καὶ τὸν ἵκοντ P. 2.36
ὅθεν φαμὶ καὶ δὲ τὰν ἀπείρονα δόξαν εὑρεῖν P. 2.64
σοφοὶ δέ τοι κάλλιον φέροντι καὶ τὰν θεόσδοτον δύναμιν P. 5.13
ἔγεντο καὶ πρότερον Ἀντίλοχος P. 6.28
ἔν τε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιχωρίοις P. 9.102
ἔθηκε καὶ βαθυλείμων ἀγὼν κρατησίποδα Φρικίαν P. 10.15
ἕποιτο μοῖρα καὶ ὑστέραισιν ἐν ἁμέραις P. 10.17
ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν N. 4.32
σὺν δὲ τὶν καὶ παῖς ὁ Θεαρίωνος ἀρετᾷ κλιθεὶς εὔδοξος ἀείδεται N. 7.7
ἐχθρὰ δ' ἄρα πάρφασις ἦν καὶ πάλαι N. 8.32
“καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατον σὺν τῷδ' ἐπίτειλον, ἄναξ” N. 10.77ὁ πονήσαις δὲ νόῳ καὶ προμάθειαν φέρει I. 1.40
ἦ μὰν πολλάκι καὶ τὸ σεσωπαμένον εὐθυμίαν μείζω φέρει I. 1.63
ἔτι καὶ Πυθῶθεν I. 1.65
κεῖνον ἅψαι πυρσὸν ὕμνων καὶ Μελίσσῳ I. 4.44
ἐν δ' ἐρατεινῷ μέλιτι καὶ τοιαίδε τιμαὶ καλλίνικον χάρμ ἀγαπάζοντι I. 5.54
πόρε, Λοξία, τεαῖσιν ἁμίλλαισιν εὐανθέα καὶ Πυθόι στέφανον I. 7.51
ἔδοξ' ἦρα καὶ ἀθανάτοις ἐσλόν γε φῶτα καὶ φθίμενον ὕμνοις θεᾶν διδόμεν sc. as well as to men I. 8.59ἐπεὶ περικτίονας ἐνίκασε δή ποτε καὶ κεῖνος I. 8.65
θεὸς ὁ πάντα τεύχων βροτοῖς καὶ χάριν ἀοιδᾷ φυτεύει fr. 141.3 emphatic, where neither of the two previous meanings seems applicable.a emphasizing subs., adj.καί πού τι καὶ βροτῶν φάτις O. 1.28
σέο ἕκατι καὶ μεγασθενῆ νόμισαν χρυσὸν ἄνθρωποι περιώσιον ἄλλων I. 5.2
φαντὶ γὰρ ξύν' ἀλέγειν καὶ γάμον Θέτιος ἄνακτας (others interpr. καὶ as copulative) I. 8.47ταῦτα καὶ μακάρων ἐμέμναντ' ἀγοραί I. 8.26
ἀπὸ καὶ πατρός Πα. 7C. 9. ὁ δὲ κηλεῖται χορευοίσαισι κα[ὶ θη]ρῶν ἀγέλαις (supp. Housman) Δ. 2. 22. esp. subs. prop.,ἦλθε καὶ Γανυμήδης O. 1.44
ἀνταγόρευσεν καὶ Πελίας P. 4.156
ἔγνον ποτὲ καὶ Ἰόλαον P. 9.79
λαὸν θαμὰ δὴ καὶ Ὀλυμπιάδων φύλλοις ἐλαιᾶν χρυσέοις μιχθέντα N. 1.17
αἰνέω καὶ Πυθέαν I. 5.59
κώμαζ' ἔπειτεν ἁδυμελεῖ σὺν ὕμνῳ καὶ Στρεψιάδᾳ I. 7.21
other exx. under c. α. infra.b preceding demonstrative.εἶπεν καὶ τόδε P. 4.86
καὶτόδε συνθέμενος ῥῆμα P. 4.277
ἐξύφαινε, γλυκεῖα, καὶ τόδ' αὐτίκα, φόρμιγξ, Λυδίᾳ σὺν ἁρμονίᾳ μέλος N. 4.44
I relative.Ἄργει δ' ὅσσα καὶ ἐν Θήβαις O. 13.107
θεός, ὃ καὶ πτερόεντ' αἰετὸν κίχε P. 2.50
οἶα καὶ πολλοὶ πάθον P. 3.20
οἵτε καὶ P. 3.89
ἔνθα καὶ P. 4.253
ὃ καὶ P. 5.63
[ τῷ καὶ (codd.: καὶ del. Pauw.) P. 5.69]ἀλλ' ἔσται χρόνος οὗτος, ὃ καί τιν ἀελπτίᾳ βαλὼν ἔμπαλιν γνώμας P. 12.31
ὅθεν περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι N. 2.1
ὃς καὶ Ἰαολκὸν εἷλε N. 3.34
τᾷ καὶ Δαναοὶ πόνησαν N. 7.36
οἷοι καὶ Διὸς Αἰγίνας τε λέκτρον ἀμφεπόλησαν N. 8.6
ὅσπερ καὶ Κινύραν ἔβρισε πλούτῳ N. 8.18
πατρίδι ἐν ᾇ καὶ τὸν ἀδείμαντον Ἀλκμήνα τέκεν παῖδα I. 1.12
ὅν τε καὶ κάρυκες ὡρᾶν ἀνέγνον I. 2.23
ἅ τε κἀν γουνοῖς Ἀθανᾶν ἅρμα καρύξαισα νικᾶν (Boeckh: κεἰν, κἠν codd.) I. 4.25τοὶ καὶ σὺν μάχαις δὶς πόλιν Τρώων πράθον I. 5.35
ὃ καὶ δαιμόνεσσι δίκας ἐπείραινε I. 8.23
ὃ καὶ Μύσιον ἀμπελόεν αἵμαξε πεδίον I. 8.49
ὃς καὶ τυπεὶς ἁγνῷ πελέκει τέκετο ξανθὰν Ἀθάναν fr. 34.II demonstrative.τὸ καὶ ἀνδρὶ πάρεστι Συρακοσίῳ O. 6.17
τὸ καὶ κατεφάμιξεν O. 6.56
τῶ καὶ ἐγὼ καίπερ ἀχνύμενος θυμόν I. 8.5
τὸ καὶ νῦν φέρει λόγον I. 8.61
cf. I. 8.26d with temporal adv.τότε καὶ φαυσίμβροτος δαίμων Ὑπεριονίδας O. 7.39
καὶ τότε γνοὺς P. 3.31
μετὰ καὶ νῦν P. 4.64
cf. I. 8.61καὶ νῦν N. 5.43
[ καὶ νῦν (v. l. καί νυν) N. 6.8] ἐνῆκεν καὶ ἔπειτ[ Παρθ. 2.. καὶ τότ' ἐγὼ fr. 168. 4. v. also νῦνe emphasizing prepositional phrases, cf. E infra.ὃς ἔχεις καὶ πεδὰ μέγαν κάματον λόγων φερτάτων μναμήἰ P. 5.47
“εἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ πὰρ σοφὸν ἀντιφερίξαι, ἐρέω” P. 9.50πλεῖστα νικάσαντά δε καὶ τελεταῖς ὡρίαις ἐν Παλλάδος εἶδον P. 9.97
γλυκύ τι δαμωσόμεθα καὶ μετὰ πόνον I. 8.8
οἶαν Βρομίου [τελε]τὰν καὶ παρὰ σκᾶ[πτ]ον Διὸς Οὐρανίδαι ἐν μεγάροις ἵσταντι Δ. 2. 7.f with dependent infinitive phrase.γλυκεῖα δὲ φρὴν καὶ συμπόταισιν ὁμιλεῖν P. 6.53
πράσσει χρέος, αὖτις ἐγεῖραι καὶ παλαιὰν δόξαν ἑῶν προγόνων P. 9.105
ἐγὼ δ' ἀστοῖς ἁδὼν καὶ χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαι (sc. εὔχομαι) N. 8.384 in comparisons.aὡς εἰ καί, ὥτε καί. φιάλαν ὡς εἴ τις δωρήσεται νεανίᾳ γαμβρῷ, καὶ ἐγὼ νέκταρ χυτόν ἀνδράσιν πέμπων ἱλάσκομαι O. 7.7
ἀλλ' ὥτε παῖς, καὶ ὅταν O. 10.91
bοὕτω καί. ἐν δ' ὀλίγῳ βροτῶν τὸ τερπνὸν αὔξεται· οὕτω δὲ καὶ πίτνει χαμαί P. 8.93
καὶ θνατὸν οὕτως ἔθνος ἄγει N. 11.42
cοἷος καί. ἤρατο τῶν ἀπεόντων· οἶα καὶ πολλοὶ πάθον P. 3.20
τῶν ἀρειόνων ἐρώτων. οἷοι καὶ Διὸς Αἰγίνας τε λέκτρον ποιμένες ἀμφεπόλησαν N. 8.6
d ἐπεὶ ψάμμος ἀριθμὸν περιπέφευγεν, καὶ κεῖνος ὅσα χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν, τίς ἂν φράσαι δύναιτο; O. 2.99ὅθεν περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων τὰ πόλλ' ἀοιδοὶ ἄρχονται, καὶ ὅδ ἀνὴρ N. 2.3
, cf. P. 10.67 D in combination with other particles.1 δὲ καίa where καί means evenφύονται δὲ καὶ νέοις ἐν ἀνδράσιν πολιαί P. 4.25
κῆλα δὲ καὶ δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας P. 1.12
βία δὲ καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν ἐν χρόνῳ P. 8.15
θανόντων δὲ καὶ φίλοι προδόται (Bergk: λόγοι φίλοι codd.) fr. 160.b where καί means alsoἀγλαίζεται δὲ καὶ μουσικᾶς ἐν ἀώτῳ O. 1.14
δαέντι δὲ καὶ σοφία μείζων ἄδολος τελέθει O. 7.53
ἔστι δὲ καί τι θανόντεσσιν μέρος O. 8.77
οἱ δ' Ἀρκάδες, οἱ δὲ καὶ Πισᾶται O. 9.68
ἄλλαι δὲ δὔ χάρμαι, τὰ δὲ καὶ Νεμέας κατὰ κόλπον O. 9.87
τὰ δὲ καί ποτ' ἐν ἀλκᾷ O. 13.55
τέρας μὲν θαυμάσιον προσιδέσθαι, θαῦμα δὲ καὶ παρεόντων ἀκοῦσαι P. 1.26
μάκαρ δὲ καὶ νῦν P. 5.20
τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀνδράσιν ἐμπρέπει P. 8.28
χαίρων δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀλκμᾶνα στεφάνοισι βάλλω, ῥαίνω δὲ καὶ ὕμνῳ bis. P. 8.56—7.πολλοὶ ἀριστῆες, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ξείνων P. 9.
108.ἐλᾷ δὲ καὶ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς ὁ θνατὸς αἰών N. 3.74
πρόφρων δὲ καὶ κείνοις ἄειδ' ἐν Παλίῳ Μοισᾶν ὁ κάλλιστος χορός N. 5.22
ἕπομαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔχων μελέταν N. 6.54
μαστεύει δὲ καὶ τέρψις ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι πιστόν N. 8.43
ἔστι δὲ καὶ κόρος ἀνθρώπων N. 10.20
ἐκράτησε δὲ καί ποθ' Ἕλλανα στρατὸν Πυθῶνι N. 10.25
τρὶς μὲν τρὶς δὲ καὶ σεμνοῖς δαπέδοις ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ N. 10.28
ἐν Ἰσθμῷ Νεμέᾳ δὲ καὶ ἀμφοῖν I. 5.18
μέτρα μὲν γνώμᾳ διώκων μέτρα δὲ καὶ κατέχων I. 6.71
αἰνέων Μελέαγρον, αἰνέων δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορα Ἀμφιάρηόν τε I. 7.32
κλεινὸς Αἰακοῦ λόγος, κλεινὰ δὲ καὶ ναυσικλυτὸς Αἴγινα I. 9.1
διαγινώσκομαι μὲν γινώσκομαι δὲ καὶ μοῖσαν παρέχων ἅλις Pae. 4.23
μνάσει δὲ καί τινα Pae. 14.35
τέρπεται δὲ καί τις ἐπ' οἶδμ ἅλιον ναὶ θοᾷ διαστείβων fr. 221. 4. N. B. anaphora O. 9.68, P. 9.108, N. 10.28, I. 6.71, I. 7.32, I. 9.1c where καί is generally emphatic. τῶν νῦν δὲ καὶ Θρασύβουλος πατρῴαν μάλιστα πρὸς στάθμαν ἔβα (= αὖ, Gr. Part., 305 P. 6.44 ἔστι δὲ καὶ διδύμων ἀέθλων Μελίσσῳ μοῖρα and two are the victories that M. has I. 3.9 ἐν δ' ἄρα καὶ Τενέδῳ Πειθώ τ ἔναιεν ( précisement van Groningen) fr. 123. 13. σοφοὶ δὲ καὶ τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν ἔπος αἴνησαν περισσῶς fr. 35b. where δὲ is separated fromκαί; εἰ δ' αὐτὸ καὶ θεὸς ἀνέχοι N. 7.89
2 combined with particles other particles than δέ. a. καί ῥα v. ῥα. b. καί νυν v. νυν. c. καὶ γάρ v. γάρ. d. καὶ μάν v. μά ν. e. καίτοι v. τοι f. καίπερ v. καίπερ [g. καί τε is not a genuine combination of particles, in spite of apparent exx. I. 2.19 coni., I. 2.23, I. 4.25—6, I. 7.32—3.] E position of καί: 1. the position of emphatic καὶ is sometimes between prep. and subs., cf. C. 3. e supra:ἐν καὶ θαλάσσᾳ O. 2.28
ἐπὶ καὶ θανάτῳ P. 4.186
ἐν Ὀλυμπίοισί τε καὶ βαθυκόλπου Γᾶς ἀέθλοις ἔν τε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιχωρίοις P. 9.102
ἀπὸ καὶ πατρός Πα. 7C. 9. cf. fr. 123. 13. This usage is irregularly applied to copulative καί:ἐν καὶ τελευτᾷ O. 7.26
θαητὸν ἐν ἅλιξι θησέμεν ἐν καὶ παλαιτέροις (Tricl.: ἔν τε, ἔν τε καὶ codd.) P. 10.58 πέσε δ (sc. κῦμ' Ἀίδα)ἀδόκητον ἐν καὶ δοκέοντα N. 7.31
ζώων τ' ἀπὸ καὶ θανών I. 7.30
2 irregular position of καί. dub. exx.a copulative. ὄνυχας ὀξυτάτους ἀκμὰν / καὶ δεινοτάτων σχάσαις ὀδόντων ( καί coni. Ahlwardt: τε codd.: ὀξ. σχ. καὶ δειν. coni. Wil.) N. 4.64 [ καὶ coni. Ahlwardt, τ codd. P. 10.69]b emphatic. δελφῖνι καὶ τάχος δἰ ἅλμας ἶσον κ' εἴποιμι Μελησίαν (Schr. e Σ: κεν codd.: κ add. Wil., om. codd: “nicht ein umgestelltes “und” sondern “auch” wie die Σ auch verstehen.” Wil.) N. 6.64 F in crasis.κἀσόφοις O. 3.45
κἀγοραὶ O. 12.5
χὠπόταν χὤταν P. 2.87
—8.κοὔ P. 4.151
τε κἀγαθῷ P. 8.100
κἀνθρώποις P. 9.40
χὠπόσαι χὤ τι χὠπόθεν P. 9.46
—8. καἴπερ (coni. Christ: καίπερ codd.) N. 4.36 κἀν (Boeckh: κεἰν, κἠν codd.) I. 4.25 εἰρήσεταί που κἀν βραχίστοις (Heyne: που κἐν, πα κ' ἐν codd.) I. 6.59 κεἴ fr. 4. κἀγχερριθ[ Πα. 22. i. 3. G fragg.καὶ θυόε[ντα Pae. 3.8
]καί ποτε[ Pae. 6.73
]σεκαι[ Πα. 7B. 2. ]καὶ χ[ Pae. 10.2
]καὶ χρυσο[ Pae. 10.10
καὶ τα[Πα. 13d. 8. ]τε καὶ ἁνίκα ναύλοχοι[ Pae. 18.9
]καί νιν ορει[ Πα. 22a. 1. ]αμα καὶ στρατιὰ[ Δ. 3. 11. ]τηρκαιε[ Δ. 4. d. 3. καὶ λιπαρῷ fr. 204. ] σκαιλυ[ fr. 215b. col. 2. 4. -
10 τε
τε, enclitic Particle, with two main uses (v. infr. A, B).A as a Conjunction,I τε.. τε, both.. and, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second,ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544
;ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τε Hes.Op. 669
;δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τε A.Pers. 491
, cf. S.Aj.34,35, Ar.Ach. 370, 375;τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρον Th.4.8
, cf. Antipho 2.3.3, Pl. R. 373b;λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ' ἀπερείσι' ἄποινα Il.1.13
; παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ' ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ib. 443; the elements joined by τε.. τε are usu. short in Hom., longer in later Gr., e.g.ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται.., ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπται IG12.103.7
;ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ.. εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι' αὐτῆς ῥέουσι Hdt.4.47
; χρὴ.. τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους.. μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ. Th.4.92, cf. Pl.R. 474c, X.Cyr.1.4.25, Is.1.50; τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ' ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ' ἀδικήσαντες κατ' ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια Aen. Tact.16.8, cf. Gp.2.49.1, 12.3.2-3;τούτου γὰρ γενομένου.. τά τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώς PEnteux.60.11
(iii B.C.);κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαι Gal.16.494
, cf. 495,501; this use is common at all times in οὔτε.. οὔτε, μήτε.. μήτε, εἴτε.. εἴτε (qq.v.); τε may be used three or more times,ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ' ἔφατ' ἔκ τ' ὀνόμαζεν Od.15.530
, cf. Il.1.177, 2.58, A.Pr. 89sq., B.17.19sq., Lys. 19.17, X.Cyr.3.3.36:— ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε prob. means the eleventh or twelfth, Od.2.374, 4.588:—sts. τε.. τε couples alternatives, , cf. Heracl. 153, El. 391; hence we find τε.. ἢ.., Pl.Tht. 143c, Ion 535d; on ἢ (or ἦ) .. τε in Il.2.289 and A.Eu. 524 (lyr.) v. ἦ 1.3.2 the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, asἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει.., τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε Th.2.22
; but οὔτε.. τε is more freq., asοὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς.., γιγνώσκω τε X.Cyr.2.3.6
(v.οὔτε 11.4
); we also find οὐ.. τε.. , asοὐχ ἡσύχαζον.., παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχους Th.1.67
; and μὴ.. τε.. , as ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ. Pl.Phd. 95e.a τε.. δὲ.. , asκόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππους Il.5.359
, cf. 7.418, S.OC 367, Tr. 285, E.Ph. 1625;ἐσθὰς ἀμφότερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε.. ἐπιχώριος.., ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετο Pi.P.4.80
;διήκουέ τε.., ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσε X.Cyr.4.4.3
; so with ἅμα δὲ καὶ.., ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ.., Th.1.25, Pl.Smp. 186e:—so τε.., ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ.., Id.Hp.Ma. 295e.bμὲν.. τε.., ἄνδρα μὲν.., τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους Il.19.291
-3, cf. Od.22.475-6, Pi.O.6.88, 7.88, A.Th. 924, Ch. 585 (lyr.), S.Ant. 963 (lyr.), E.Heracl. 337 codd., Cyc.41 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 563(lyr.), Pl.Phdr. 266c, Lg. 927b: v. μέν A. 11.6c.4 a single τε ( and) joins a word, phrase, or (esp. later) clause or sentence to what precedes,τελευτὴν κεφαλήν τε Pl.Ti. 69a
; θνητὰ ἀθάνατά τε ib.c;Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί Il.6.476
; ; ῥίγησέν τ' ἂρ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων v.l. for δ' ἂρ in 11.254; ἕν τε οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα.., σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη.., Th.2.51; τά τε ἱερὰ.. νεκρῶν πλέα ἦν.. ib.52; νόμοι τε πάντες ξυνεταράχθησαν ibid.; , cf. 253, 262, al.;εἴς τε τὰς ἄλλας.. ἀθροίζεσθαι Aen.Tact.3.5
; τῶν τε ἀρχόντων.. ib.6, cf. 10.8, al.;ὅ τε γραφεὶς κύκλος.. Archim.Spir.11
Def.7;πρός τε τούτοις φησὶν.. PEnteux.63.18
(iii B.C.);χωρίς τε τούτων Plb.2.56.13
, 61.1, 3.17.7;ταῦτά τ' ἐγίνετο.. Id.2.43.6
, cf. 3.70.4;ἀπαιτούμενός τε ὑπ' ἐμοῦ τὰ ἔρια οὐκ ἀποδίδωσί PEnteux.2.6
, cf. 8.4, al. (iii B.C.); γράψαι Ἀγαθοκλεῖ τῷ ἐπιστάτῃ διασαφῆσαί τε αὐτῷ ib.81.21 (iii B.C.);καθόλου τε.. Arr.Epict.1.19.13
, cf. 2.2.17; , cf. 24, al.;ὄξει βαφικῷ στυπτηρίᾳ τε PHolm. 1.4
, cf. Gem.16.6;χρὴ.. λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν τε λύειν Gp.1.12.19
, cf. 2.2.2, al.; this τε may be used any number of times, Od.4.149- 150, 14.75, 158-9, Men.Pk.15,16,20, Hipparch.1.9.8, Act.Ap.2.43,46, 4.13, 14, al.II τε.. καὶ.. , or τε καὶ.. , both.. and.., where τε points forward to καί, and usu. need not be translated, e.g. ; εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς ib.61; δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην ib. 293;ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα 7.308
, cf. 327, 338, al.;τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχων Hdt.4.47
;βούλεταί τε καὶ ἐπίσταται Th.2.35
;ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείς Pl.R. 396c
;βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ.. Euc.1.47
; sts. the elements joined by τε.. καὶ.. are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, ; ; ; ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο ib. 193;ταὐτὰ.. νῦν τε καὶ τότε Ar.Av. 24
; ; ; sts. (like τε.. τε) even used of alternatives,διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι Il.8.168
;ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν Pi.O.2.16
;θεοῦ τε.. θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντος A.Th. 427
;πείσας τε.. καὶ μὴ τυχών Th.3.42
:—on οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ.. , e.g.τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις Isoc.12.249
, and ἄλλως τε καὶ.. , v. ἄλλος 11.6,ἄλλως 1.3
.2 in this sense τ' ἠδέ is only [dialect] Ep.,σκῆπτρόν τ' ἠδὲ θέμιστας Il.9.99
, cf. 1.400, al.; alsoτε.., ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον 6.469
, cf. 8.162.3 καὶ.. τε, both.. and.., is occasionally found, as καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ' E.Alc. 646.b καὶ.. τε perh. means and.. also inκαὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα Th.1.9
;καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους Id.6.44
;καὶ αὐτός τε Id.8.68
; v. infr. c. 10.4 τε.. τε or τε.. καὶ.. sts. join elements which are not syntactically parallel, esp. a part. and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ' ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντες) Il.3.80; ; ;τῆς τε ὥρας.. ταύτης οὔσης.., καὶ τὸ χωρίον.. χαλεπὸν ἦν Id.7.47
, cf. 4.85, 8.81, 95.5 the copulative τε becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about 340 times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1-4 Ma., only 3 times in Ps.; in the NT it is found about 150 times in Act.Ap., 20 times in Ep.Hebr., and very rarely in the other books.B In [dialect] Ep. (more rarely in other dactylic verse, v. infr. 11) τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are freq. made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (cf. τοι and τε in Od.2.276-7, and cf. Il.13.115 with 15.203); although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (v. infr.) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: ; ;θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379
, cf. 5.79, 447, 10.306, 17.485, Il.9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; , cf. Od.11.537, Il.24.526;ἤ τ' ἔβλητ' ἤ τ' ἔβαλ' ἄλλον 11.410
;οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
;οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν.. ἄλλοτε δὲ.. Il.21.464
; , cf. 8.169, 170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ ib.54, cf. 17.322;ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Il.17.32
;παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Hes.Op. 218
;αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν Od. 7.294
; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων ib. 307;τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ' ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε Il.13.733
-4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει.., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ' ὀδόντων ib. 279-83; ;νέῳ δέ τε πάντ' ἐπέοικεν.. κεῖσθαι 22.71
;κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε' ὅσ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ' ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας 9.592
-4, cf. 22.492, 495, 499;νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ' ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ' ὀλέσασα.. ἢ Ὀδυσῆ' Od.19.265
;σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ' ἑταίρῳ.., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45
, cf. 23.118, Il.2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ' ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied);ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων' 1.403
, cf. 2.814, 5.306, 10.258, 14.290; sts. of repeated action by particular persons,ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι Od.4.102
;οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος.. θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις Il.1.86
; ἡ δὲ.. μ' αἰεὶ.. νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν ib. 521;μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε 9.410
.2 in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g.Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ' ἔκλυες ᾧ κ' ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ' ἴθι.. Il.24.334
;Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι.., νῦν δ' ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον.. 23.156
;δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ.., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι.., ἔρχεο Od. 22.395
, cf. Il.17.249.3 similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, freq. containing the subj. or opt.), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε:a the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il.1.218
;ὃς δ' ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ, τοῦ μέν τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον Od.19.333
;εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται.., βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ' ἰόντι Il.19.165
-6;ᾧ μέν κ' ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ' ἐσθλῷ 24.530
.b the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ' ἔγχος.. τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη 5.747
;ῥεῖα δ' ἀρίγνωτος γόνος ἀνέρος ᾧ τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώση Od.4.207
;ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ Il.9.117
, cf. 7.298, Od.6.287, 7.74, 8.547, 18.276; with opt.,ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος.. ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι 14.221
: it is prob. that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of Hom. in Il.1.218, 9.510 (cf. 508), and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses.c both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ' αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ' ὤνησαν καί τ' ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο Il.9.508
-9;εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον 1.82
-3.4 in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies,ὑπόσχωμαι.. κτήματα.. πάντα μάλ' ὅσσα τ' Ἀλέξανδρος.. ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ'.. δωσέμεν Il.22.115
; , cf. Od.18.131, Il.19.105; , cf. 18.485.5 in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν which are the usual prizes.., Il.22.160;ἔργ' ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί Od.1.338
, cf. 3.435, 4.85, 13.410, 14.226, 17.423, Il.5.332;κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ' ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε Od.5.438
;μολπή τ' ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ' ἀναθήματα δαιτός 1.152
: similarly in clauses withοἷά τε (πολλά), κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη 5.422
;οὐ γάρ σ' οὐδέ.. δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐΐσκω ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται 8.160
, cf. 11.364, 14.63, 15.324, 379.6 in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ' εὐλείμων αἵ θ' ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), Od.4.608;ἡμίονον.. ἥ τ' ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι Il.23.655
;ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι Od.8.582
;αἰετοῦ οἴματ' ἔχων.. ὅς θ' ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν Il.21.252
, cf. 24.294;οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ' ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν Od.9.120
;δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται Il.1.238
, cf. Od.5.67, 101, Il.1.279, 19.31, 24.415;οἶνός σε τρώει.., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει Od.21.293
, cf. 14.464;πάρφασις, ἥ τ' ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων Il.14.217
;οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα Od.14.223
.7 when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent,Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ' ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται Il.19.259
;Σειρῆνας.., αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν Od.12.39
;Φαίηκές μ' ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227
, cf. 20.187; ;Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ' ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι Od.9.84
: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (incl. god) or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, , cf. 2.669, Od.5.4;Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει 15.319
;Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ', οἵ τ' Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι 23.246
;Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι 10.493
;τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι Il.17.203
, cf. 7.112; κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ' (v.l. ὃν)ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείας 5.467
; the relative clause sts. indicates what is customary,οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ' ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ' Ἀχαιοῖς 23.649
;ἔνθα δ' ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥά τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκε Od.9.187
;τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ 4.105
;σῆς ἀλόχου.. ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν 13.336
;καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ.. κηδέσκετο 22.357
, cf. 346.8 τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g.Λιβύην, ἵνα τ' ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι Od.4.85
; , cf. 9.124, 13.99, 100, 107, 109, 244; ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ (sc. Σκύλλῃ)δειραὶ περιμήκεες 12.90
, cf. 93,99, 105; ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή (in Athena's αἰγίς) Il.5.741; χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι (sc. μῶλυ) Od. 10.305; ; sts. τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature,ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει 21.142
;ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ' εὔπρυμνοι Il.4.247
, cf. Od. 6.266;ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ' ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν Il.18.521
, cf. Od.14.353.9 a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it,κατ' ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται Il.5.305
, cf. 8.83, 13.547, 16.481, 20.478; similarly a point of time is defined,ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ' ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται Od.18.367
.10 τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life,γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ' εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ' ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται Il.15.358
; ; , cf. 3.321, al.; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, ἤσθιε.. ἕως ὅ τ' ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν (s.v.l.) 17.358;ἥ τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσίν, ὅσσα τ' ἐγώ περ 19.347
.11 the freq. use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the foregoing heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, Il.2.456, 459, 463, 468, 470, 471, 474, 481, 3.23-5,33, 11.415-7, al.; or when universal characteristics of gods, men, animals, etc., are indicated by relative clauses introduced by ὅς τε, ὅς ῥά τε, etc., 3.61, 151, 198, al.; or by ὥς τε, ἠΰτε, ὥς τίς τε, etc., e.g. 5.136, 17.133, Od.4.535,ὡς εἴ τε 9.314
, 14.254, etc.II in post-Hom. Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of [dialect] Ep. and other early dactylic verse (Hes.Op.30, 214, 233, al., Xenoph.13.3, Thgn.148, 359, etc.) it is not found except with relatives, and with these it has scarcely any discernible sense, so that ὅς τε in Lyr. and Trag. is for the most part only = ὅς, e.g. (possibly generalizing)Μοῖρ', ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον Pi.O.2.35
, cf. 14.2, A.Eu. 1024, E.Hec. 445 (lyr.), etc. (v. ὅστε); without generalizing force, Pi.N.9.9, A.Pers. 297, Ch. 615, etc.; Hdt. hasτά πέρ τε 1.74
,ὅκως τε 2.108
codd., ὅσον τε (without a verb, as in Od.9.325, al.) 1.126, 2.96, 3.5, al.,οἷά τε 1.93
codd. (adverbially 2.175, 5.11): in [dialect] Att. Prose and Com. even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ' ᾧτε, οἷός τε; in later Gr. we find exceptionallyἔνθεν τε Hp.Ep.17
; (ii B.C.);ἀπ' οὗ τε PCair.Zen.291.3
(iii B.C.); (Erythrae, ii B.C.); ἥ τ' PMag.Par.1.2962;ὅσον τε ὀκτὼ στάδια Paus.6.26.1
; καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε (= which)ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς Id.9.31.5
;οἷόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κύων φωνῆς θεωροῦμεν S.E.M.11.28
.C in Hom. τε is also (but less freq.) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following:1 in assurances, statements on oath, and threats,σχέτλιος, ἦ τ' ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν Il.18.13
;ἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον, κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι ἦλθε κακόν 11.362
; ἦ τε is similarly used in 11.391, 17.171, 236, Od.24.28, 311, al.; ἦ τ' ἄν in Il.12.69, al.; γάρ τε (s. v.l.) inοὐ γάρ τ' οἶδα 6.367
, cf. Od.10.190; νύ τε in 1.60, 347 (but τ' more prob. = τοι, v. σύ) ; δέ τε inἀγορῇ δέ τ' ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι Il.18.106
; ; μέν τε in , cf. 4.341; εἴ πέρ τε inοὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης ἔσσεται, οὐδ' εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματ' ἔχῃσιν Od.1.204
, cf. 188, Il.12.223, 245.2 also in commands, warnings, and admonitions,σίγα, μή τίς τ' ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθον Il.14.90
, cf. Od.19.486; ; τούσδε τ' (v.l. δ')ἐᾶν 16.96
(nisi leg. τούσδ' ἔτ'); δὸς δέ τέ μ' ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν 5.118
; μηδέ τ' ἐρώει (nisi leg. μηδ' ἔτ') 2.179, 22.185.3 also in passionate utterances, in clauses which indicate the cause of the speaker's passion or a circumstance which might have caused others to behave more considerately towards him,ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή.. ἥ τ'.. τὸν μὲν.. θρέψασα.. ἐπιπροέηκα Il.18.55
;σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων, οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε.. ἤν τίς τε.. Od.5.119
, 120, cf. 21.87, Il.15.468, 17.174; ἡμεῖς δ' αὖ μαχόμεσθ', οἵ πέρ τ' ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν and we, who ( mark you) are only allies (not γαμβροί and κασίγνητοι), are fighting, 5.477; τρεῖς γάρ τ' ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοί for we, let me tell you, are three brothers, sons of Cronos (and Zeus has no prior title to power), 15.187;ποῖόν δε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων δεινόν τ' ἀργαλέον τε· νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τ' ἀκούων Od.21.169
; .4 in descriptions of particular events and things where there is no general reference,κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύει Od.17.270
; ὥς (= so)τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσιν δαίνυσθαι κατὰ δῶμα 1.227
;τοὺς μέν τ' ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται.. σὺ δ' ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ, Ἀχιλλεῦ Il.16.28
; πόλιν πέρι δινηθήτην καρπαλίμοισι πόδεσσι, θεοὶ δέ τε πάντες ὁρῶντο dub. l. in 22.166;εὗρε δ' ἐνὶ σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ Θέτιν, ἀμφὶ δέ τ' ἄλλαι εἵαθ' ὁμηγερέες ἅλιαι θεαί 24.83
(s.v.l.);ἐν δέ τε φάρμακον ἧκε Od.10.317
;νῶϊ δέ τ' ἄψορροι κίομεν Il.21.456
;πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας.. ἄεσα καί τ' ἀνέμεινα.. Ἠῶ Od.19.342
;δέελον δ' ἐπὶ σῆμά τ' ἔθηκε Il.10.466
;ἐν δέ τε οἶνον κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο Od.20.252
; so with οὐδέ τ' (nisi leg. οὐδ' ἔτ'), τὸν καὶ ὑπέδδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδέ τ' ἔδησαν Il.1.406
;οὐδέ τ' ἔληγε μέγας θεός, ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτόν 21.248
;οὐδέ τ' ἄειρε 23.730
;οὐδέ τ' ἔασεν 11.437
, 21.596, cf. 15.709.5 ὅτε τε ( when) freq. introduces a temporal clause defining a point of time in the past by means of a well-known event which occurred then, ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τ' ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν; Il.15.18;ὅτε τε Κρόνον.. Ζεὺς γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε 14.203
; (but ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε is general in 13.335; so also ὅτε πέρ τε.. κέρωνται in 4.259); , cf. 10.286, 22.102, Od.7.323, 18.257.6 in ὅ τε ( that or because) the τε has no observable meaning, , cf. 412, 4.32, 6.126, Od.5.357, al.7 ἐπεί τε = ἐπεί ( when) is rare in Hom.,ἐπεί τ' ἐνόησε Il.12.393
, cf. ἐπείτε.8 where τ' ἄρ occurs in questions, e.g. πῇ τ' ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον; Il.13.307, cf. 1.8, 18.188, al., ταρ (q.v.) should prob. be read, since ἄρ ([etym.] α) usu. precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perh. ταρα should be read for τ' ἄρα in Od.1.346.9 inἣ θέμις ἐστὶν.. ἤ τ' ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν Il.9.276
, it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); ἤ is prob. = ἦ (accented as in ἤτοι (; ἤ τ' ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο is dub. l. in 17.42; ἤ τ' = or is found in 19.148, = than in Od.16.216.10 Rarer and later uses;a also, esp. withἄλλος, Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τ' ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσι Od.5.29
, cf. 17.273, Il.23.483;ἐπεὶ τά τε ἄλλα πράττουσιν καλῶς, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτοὺς καὶ στήλην IG22.1298.9
, cf. Lycurg.100 (s.v.l.);ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστόλιον, ἐν ᾧ ὑπέγραψάς μοι τήν τε παρὰ Ζήνωνος πρὸς Ἰεδδοῦν γεγραμμένην PCair.Zen.18.1
(iii B.C.); εἰ οὖν περὶ τούτων ἐπιστροφὴν μὴ ποιήσει, οἵ τε λοιποί μοι τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσουσιν (- σωσιν Pap.) PPetr.2p.10 (iii B.C.);τῶν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιησόντων τά τε κτήνη ὑπὸ στέρεσιν ἀχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόρια PTeb.27.74
(ii B.C.); v. supr. A. 11.3b.b with ὅδε, adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word,εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι Od.13.238
, cf. 15.484.c τε γάρ rarely = καὶ γάρ or γάρ, Arist.APo. 75b41, de An. 405a4, PA 661b28, Pol. 1318b33, 1333a2; ἐάν τε γάρ for even if, 2 Ep.Cor.10.8; τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν for I had not known even lust. Ep.Rom.7.7.D Position of τε:1 in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος near both Priam and Hector, Il.6.317; , cf. 4.505, 7.295; codd., cf. 291 (anap.);ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης Hdt.1.69
;ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς PEnteux.6.6
(iii B.C.); , cf. Ti. 70b; hence in E.Or. 897 πόλεος must be taken with what precedes (Porson ad loc.): but article + noun, preposition + noun are freq. regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τε A.Ch.41
(lyr.);πρὸς βίαν τε Id.Pr. 210
; also the order is freq. determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows,πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544
;ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρας A.Pr. 665
; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. τε γάρ, τ' ἄρα, τέ τις.2 τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (v. supr.), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ' ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ' ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε. -
11 ἐπεί
ἐπεί conj.a temporal, c. aor. ind., after, whenτοῦ ἐράσσατο Ποσειδάν, ἐπεί νιν καθαροῦ λέβητος ἔξελε Κλωθώ O. 1.26
Ἀχιλλέα τ' ἔνεικ, ἐπεὶ Ζηνὸς ἦτορ λιταῖς ἔπεισε, μάτηρ O. 2.79
φθέγξατ' ἐπεὶ κατὰ γαἶ αὐτόν τέ νιν καὶ φαιδίμας ἵππους ἔμαρψεν O. 6.14
βασιλεὺς δ, ἐπεὶ πετράεσσας ἐλαύνων ἵκετ' ἐκ Πυθῶνος, ἅπαντας ἐν οἴκῳ εἴρετο παῖδα O. 6.47
τερπνᾶς δ' ἐπεὶ λάβεν καρπὸν Ἥβας, ἐκάλεσσε Ποσειδᾶν O. 6.57
δράκοντες, ἐπεὶ κτίσθη νέον, οἱ δύο μὲν κάπετον O. 8.37
ἐκτίσσατο, ἐπεὶ Ποσειδάνιον πέφνε Κτέατον O. 10.26
ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ τείχει θέσαν ἐν ξυλίνῳ σύγγονοι κούραν,σέλας δ' ἀμφέδραμεν λάβρον Ἁφαίστου, τότ ἔειπεν P. 3.38
“τοί μ' ἐπεὶ πάμπρωτον εἶδον φέγγος, κρύβδα πέμπον” i. e. as soon as P. 4.111ἐπεὶ κατέβα ναυτᾶν ἄωτος, λέξατο P. 4.188
ἐπεὶ δ' ἐμβόλου κρέμασαν ἀγκύρας ὕπερθεν, ἐκάλει P. 4.191
κεῖνόν γε καὶ βαρύκομποι λεόντες περὶ δείματι φύγον, γλῶσσαν ἐπεί σφιν ἀπένεικεν ὑπερποντίαν P. 5.59
μόλον, καπνωθεῖσαν πάτραν ἐπεὶ ἴδον P. 5.84
τόν, Εὐρυσθῆος ἐπεὶ κεφαλὰν ἔπραθε φασγάνου ἀκμᾷ, κρύψαν P. 9.80
ἔνθ' Ἀλεξίδαμος, ἐπεὶ φύγε λαιψηρὸν δρόμον, παρθένον κεδνὰν χερὶ χειρὸς ἑλὼν ἆγεν P. 9.121
μάντιν τ' ὄλεσσε κόραν, ἐπεὶ ἔλυσε δόμους ἁβρότατος P. 11.33
ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ ἐκ τούτων φίλον ἄνδρα πόνων ἐρρύσατο, παρθένος αὐλῶν τεῦχε πάμφωνον μέλος P. 12.18
ἀρχαῖον ὀτρύνων λόγον, ὡς, ἑπεὶ μόλεν, ὡς κροκωτὸν σπάργανον ἐγκατέβα N. 1.35
Πριάμου πόλιν Νεοπτόλεμος ἐπεὶ πράθεν N. 7.35
ὁ δ' ὄλβῳ φέρτατος ἵκετ ἐς κείνου γενεάν, ἐπεὶ ἐν χαλκέοις ὅπλοις Τηλεβόας ἔναρεν N. 10.14
ἐπεὶ δ' ἄλκιμον νέκυν ἐν τάφῳ πολυστόνῳ θέντο Πηλείδαν, ἦλθον ἄγγελοι Pae. 6.98
ἀνδροδάμαντα δ ἐπεὶ Φῆρες δάεν ῥιπὰν μελιαδέος οἴνου, ἐσσυμένως ἀπὸ μὲν λευκὸν γάλα χερσὶ τραπεζᾶν ὤθεον fr. 166. 1.b causal, =γάρ. Μοῖσα δ' οὕτω ποι παρέστα μοι. ἐπεὶ στέφανοι πράσσοντί με τοῦτο θεόδματον χρέος O. 3.6
ὁδὸν ἁγεμονεῦσαι ταύταν ἐπίστανται, στεφάνους ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ ἐπεὶ δέξαντο O. 6.27
ἀλλά νιν οὐκ εἴασεν. ἐπεὶ εἶπε O. 7.61
ποτὶ καὶ τὸν ἵκοντ. ἐπεὶ νεφέλᾳ παρελέξατο P. 2.36
πέμψεν κασιγνήταν ἐς Λακέρειαν, ἐπεὶ παρὰ Βοιβιάδος κρημνοῖσιν ᾤκει παρθένος P. 3.34
ἐκ δ' ἄῤ αὐτοῦ πομφόλυξαν δάκρυα γηραλέων γλεφάρων, ἃν περὶ ψυχὰν ἐπεὶ γάθησεν P. 4.122
τὰν μάλα πολλοὶ ἀριστῆες ἀνδρῶν αἴτεον. ἐπεὶ θαητὸν εἶδος ἔπλετο P. 9.108
ἐπεὶ ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν N. 4.31
ὑπέρτατος Ἁγησιμάχοἰ ὑέων γένετο. ἐπεί οἱ τρεῖς ἀεθλοφόροι πρὸς ἄκρονἀρετᾶς ἦλθον N. 6.23
ἐντὶ πρόσοδοι νᾶσον εὐκλέα τάνδε κοσμεῖν. ἐπεί σφιν Αἰακίδαι ἔπορον ἔξοχον αἶσαν N. 6.46
διὰ τὸν ἁδυεπῆ Ὅμηρον. ἐπεὶ ψεύδεσί οἱ ποτανᾷ τε μαχανᾷ σεμνὸν ἔπεστί τι N. 7.22
(by entertaining the Dioskouroi they have become great athletes)ἐπεὶ εὐρυχόρου ταμίαι Σπάρτας ἀγώνων μοῖραν διέποντι N. 10.51
πότμον ἀμπιπλάντες ὁμοῖον. ἐπεὶ τοῦτον εἵλετ' αἰῶνα N. 10.57
χορεύων τὰν ἁλιερκέα Ἰσθμοῦ δειράδ. ἐπεὶ στεφάνους ἓξ ὤπασεν Καδμοῦ στρατῷ ἐξ ἀέθλων I. 1.10
μὴ φθονεραῖσι φέρειν γνώμαις. ἐπεὶ κούφα δόσις ἀνδρὶ σοφῷ ἀντὶ μόχθων ξυνὸν ὀρθῶσαι καλόν I. 1.45
ἀλλ' οὔ σφιν ἄμβροτοι τέλεσαν εὐνὰν θεῶν πραπίδες, ἐπεὶ θεσφάτων ἐπάκουσαν I. 8.31
Δωρίων ἔλαχεν σελίνων. ἐπεὶ περικτίονας ἐνίκασε I. 8.64
ἔσχον Δᾶλον, ἐπεί σφιν Ἀπόλλων δῶκεν Ἀστερίας δέμας οἰκεῖν Pae. 5.40
ἐπεὶ αυ[ Πα. 7B. 13. πατρῶἰ ἐπεί[ Θρ. 4. 12. following impv.: “κράτει δὲ πέλασον. ἐπεὶ τρεῖς τε καὶ δέκ' ἄνδρας ὀλέσαις” O. 1.79δίδοι τέ οἱ αἰδοίαν χάριν. ἐπεὶ ὕβριος ἐχθρὰν ὁδὸν εὐθυπορεῖ O. 7.90
ἀπό μοι λόγον τοῦτον, στόμα, ῥῖψον. ἐπεὶ τό γε λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σοφία O. 9.37
κλῦτ, ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι O. 14.5
μήτ' ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν μηδὲ τούσδ ὕμνους. ἐπεί τοι οὐκ ἐλινύσοντας αὐτοὺς ἐργασάμαν I. 2.45
Κλεάνδρῳ πλεκέτω μυρσίνας στέφανον, ἐπεί νιν Ἀλκαθόου τ' ἀγὼν σὺν τύχᾳ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τε νεότας δέκετο πρίν I. 8.67
following a wish:θεὸς εὔφρων εἴη λοιπαῖς εὐχαῖς. ἐπεί νιν αἰνέω O. 4.14
ἐν τίν κ' ἐθέλοι εὐτυχῶς ναίειν. ἐπεὶ τετραόροισιν ὥθ ἁρμάτων ζυγοῖς ἐν τεμένεσσι δόμον ἔχει τεοῖς N. 7.93
introducing parenthesis:ἐπεὶ πλοῦτος ὁ λαχὼν ποιμένα ἔπακτον στυγερώτατος O. 10.88
introducing example: τεκμαίρομαι ἔργοισιν Ἡρακλέος. ἐπεὶ Γηρυόνα βόας ἔλασεν fr. 169. 6. introducing question: ἐπεὶ ψάμμος ἀριθμὸν περιπέφευγεν, καὶ κεῖνος ὅσα χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν, τίς ἂν φράσαι δύναιτο; O. 2.98 ἐπεὶ ἀντίον πῶς ἂν τριόδοντος Ἡρακλέης σκύταλον τίναξε χερσίν; O. 9.29 ἐπεὶ τίνα πάτραν, τίνα οἶκον ναίων ὀνυμάξεαι ἐπιφανέστερον; P. 7.5c fragg. ]διὰ θυρᾶν ἐπειδ[ Pae. 20.7
]ἐπεὶ πάντα[ ?fr. 334a. 11. -
12 γιγνώσκω
γιγνώσκω, [dialect] Dor. (Epich.9, Pi.O.6.97), [dialect] Aeol., [dialect] Ion., and after Arist. [full] γινώσκω, but γιγνώσκω in early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., as IG12.127.19 ([etym.] κατα-), etc.: [tense] fut.Aγνώσομαι Il.23.497
, etc., [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.γνωσεῖται Call.Lav. Pall.123
( γνώσω is f.l. in Hp.Steril.215); Cret. form ἀνα-γνώοντι dub. in GDI 5075 (for [tense] aor. 1, v. ἀναγιγνώσκω): [tense] pf.ἔγνωκα Pi.P.4.287
, etc.: [tense] aor. 2ἔγνων Il.13.72
, etc., [dialect] Ep. dualγνώτην Od.21.36
, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.ἔγνον Pi.P.4.120
; imper.γνῶθι Epich.[264]
, etc.; subj.γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ Il.1.411
, etc., [dialect] Ep. alsoγνώω, γνώομεν Od.16.304
,γνώωσι Il.23.610
; opt.γνοίην Il.18.125
, etc.; pl.γνοῖμεν Pl.Alc.1.129a
; inf.γνῶναι Od.13.312
, etc., [dialect] Ep.γνώμεναι Il.21.266
; part. , etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1γνώσασθαι Man.2.51
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.γνωσθήσομαι Ar.Nu. 918
, Th.1.124, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐγνώσθην A.Supp. 7
(lyr.), E.El. 852, Th.2.65: [tense] pf. , Th.3.38:— come to know, perceive, and in past tenses, know, c. acc., Il.12.272, etc.; as dist. fr. οἶδα know by reflection, γιγνώσκω, = know by observation,γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν Th.1.69
; ; χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή it is hard to perceive whether one knows or not, Arist.AP0.76a26; discern, distinguish, recognize, ; ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων by his shield, ib. 182; ironically, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται he will learn him to his cost, 18.270;νῦν ἔγνων τὸν Ἔρωτα Theoc.3.15
: sts. c. gen., γνώτην ἀλλήλων were aware of.., Od.21.36, cf. 23.109.2 folld. by relat. clauses, γιγνώσκω δ' ὡς .. I perceive that.., 21.209;ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι Il.22.10
;ἔγνωκας ὡς οὐδὲν λέγεις Ar.Nu. 1095
; γ. ὅτι .. Heraclit. 108, A.Pr. 104, 379, etc.; ἵν' εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι .. D.21.143;γνώμεναι εἴ μιν.. φοβέουσι Il.21.266
;γ. τί πέπονθε πάθος Pl.Phlb. 60d
: c. acc. and relat. clause,Τυδείδην δ' οὐκ ἂν γνοίης, ποτέροισι μετείη Il.5.85
;γ. θεοὺς οἵτινές εἰσι Heraclit.5
;Σωκράτην γ. οἷος ἦν X.Mem.4.8.11
; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι .. Id.Cyr.2.1.11; alsoἀλλοτρίας γῆς γ. ὅτι δύναται φέρειν Id.Oec.16.3
: c. part., ἔγνων μιν.. οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was.., Od.15.532; ;ἔγνωκα.. ἠπατημένη S.Aj. 807
; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, Ar.Eq. 658;χρυσῷ πάττων μ' οὐ γιγνώσκεις Id.Nu. 912
, cf. Antipho 5.33, X.Cyr. 7.2.17: c. gen., ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο when he was aware of.., Il.4.357, cf. Pl.Ap. 27a: c. inf., : c. acc. et inf., recognize that.., Th.1.43, etc.; take a thing to mean that.., Hdt.1.78: c. dupl. acc., perceive or know another to be..,οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους X.An.1.7.4
: abs., ὁ γιγνώσκων the perceiver, opp. τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα the objects perceived, Pl.R. 508e; also ὁ γ. one who knows, a prudent person, ib. 347d:—[voice] Pass., εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ .. if it were known of them in what.., Id.Prt. 342b.II form a judgement, think,ταὐτά Hdt.9.2
;τἀναντία τούτοις γ. X. HG2.3.38
;οὕτω γ. Id.An.6.1.19
;τὰ δίκαια γ. Lys.22.2
; ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν ( = τὴν γνώμην λ.) D.4.1;περὶ τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γιγνώσκω Id.1.19
; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, ὅτι .. Men.572, cf. 648;ὡς ἐμοῦ ἀγωνιουμένου οὕτω γίγνωσκε X.Cyr.2.3.15
: abs., αὐτὸς γνώσῃ see thou to that, Pl.Grg. 505c; esp. in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, S.Aj. 36; ἔγνως you are right, Id.Tr. 1221, E.Andr. 883; ἔγνωκας; Lat. tenes? Nausicr.1.5; judge, determine, decree that.., c. acc. et inf., Hdt.1.74, 6.85, Isoc.17.16: c. inf., determine to.., And.1.107:— [voice] Pass., to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgement, Th.3.36;παρανόμως γνωσθεῖσα δίαιτα D.33.33
, cf. 59.47;κρίσις ἐγνωσμένη ὑπό τινος Isoc.6.30
.2 [voice] Pass., of persons, to be judged guilty, A.Supp.7;γνωσθέντα ζημιοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι Arist.Rh.Al. 1431b30
;τεθνάτω ἐὰν γνωσθῇ, ἐὰν δὲ φυγὴ γνωσθῇ, φευγέτω IG12.10.29
.3 [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. with act. sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are determined, D. 18.228 (sed leg. ἡμᾶς).IV γ. χάριν, = εἰδέναι χάριν, D.C.39.9.B causal, make known, celebrate,γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον Pi.O.13.3
acc. to Sch. ad loc., v. dub. (Root γνω-, cf. Skt. jānāmi, jñātas, Lat. gnosco, gnotus, etc.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γιγνώσκω
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